什么叫4Ps？

阅读理解。

     Close contacts between Japan and the rest of the world were created in the twentieth century. In the last

forty years, business contacts between Japan and the West have become very important. Many foreign

companies now have offices in Japan and Japanese businessmen do business around the world. Differences

between Japanese and Western ways of doing business, however, often bewilder foreign businessmen and

make doing business in Japan difficult for foreigners.

     The American businessman, for example, wants to start talking business immediately. He does not want to

wait. The Japanese businessman, on the other hand, likes to arrive at decisions after giving them serious

thought. Another thing foreign businessmen have difficulty in understanding is when a Japanese means "Yes"

or "No". This is because of cultural differences between Japanese and Western society (社会), Which make it

difficult for a Japanese to say "No" directly.

     In the USA, it is easy to say "No" to something one does not want to do. But in Japan, it is very difficult to

say "No". To refuse an invitation or a request (请求) with "No" is felt to be impolite. It is thought to be selfish

and unfriendly. So instead of saying "No" directly, the Japanese have developed many ways to avoid (避免)

saying "No". These can help them avoid hurting other people's feelings. However, this often makes their ways

of doing business rather difficult for foreigners to understand and follow.

1. What often makes foreigners feel difficult to do business in Japan?

A. Their different ways of doing business.

B. Their different lifestyles.

C. The fact that the Japanese never say "No".

D. The fact that the Japanese are slow to take action.

2. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined expression "bewilder foreign

    businessmen" in Paragraph One?

A. cause foreign businessmen to change their minds.

B. give a feeling of surprise to foreign businessmen.

C. attract foreign businessmen's attention.

D. make foreign businessmen think wrongly.

3. What fact does the passage lead you to believe?

A. American businessmen do things more slowly than Japanese ones.

B. American businessmen like to say "Yes" and "No".

C. Americans usually say what they are thinking.

D. Americans do not say what they think or feel clearly.

4. From the passage we can infer (推断) that __________.

A. Japanese businessmen are good at business

B. foreign businessmen should try to know Japanese ways of doing business

C. foreign businessmen must be more polite

D. you must learn from Japanese businessmen if you want to succeed

蒸汽吹扫管道时，“打靶”用的靶板一般使用碳钢板，其宽度应占一定的管道直径比例，否则易影响对吹扫效果的判断。

左颈部淋巴结转移性鳞癌的原发部位最可能是（）。

A.鼻咽癌

B.甲状腺

C.胃

D.乳腺

E.肝

下列哪项不是原发性肾小球疾病的光镜下病理特点（）

A.膜性肾病为不伴细胞增生的弥漫性肾小球毛细血管基底膜增厚

B.微小病变病无明显异常，电镜下可见上皮细胞肿胀、足突广泛融合

C.。急进性肾炎是50%以上肾小球的肾小囊中有大新月体形成

D.急性链球菌感染后肾小球肾炎是弥漫增生性肾小球炎症（内皮与系膜细胞增生）

E.系膜增生性肾炎是系膜细胞及肾小球基底膜不同程度的弥漫增生

汇率变动对国际收支的影响