我国最早生产葡萄酒的地方是（ ）。 A．北京 B．宁夏 C．新疆 D．山东

材料：教师在讲解“鸟类的生殖和发育”时，先用课件展示可爱的小鸡，然后拿出一个鸡蛋展示给同学。让学生拿出准备好的熟鸡蛋，用手掌和手指捏，看会不会轻易捏碎，由此让学生说出蛋壳的功能和特点。并提出如下问题：“这个握不破的卵壳上有孔吗？当用肉眼和放大镜都看不到时，能否利用杯中的温水加以验证？假如有气孔，卵壳表面会有怎样的现象发生呢？卵壳表面出现气泡，具体鸡卵内又怎么样的结构？”然后让学生带着问题分小组进行观察、验证。整个教学过程始终围绕一个鸡蛋进行探究。问题：

（1）材料中教师使用的鸡蛋属于哪一种直观教具类型？并说出其他教具类型。

（2）简要说明这种教具的特点和不足之处。

我国目前开展的海洋灾害风险评估和区划工作包括（）灾种。

①风暴潮；

②海啸；

③海浪；

④海冰；

⑤海平面上升。

A、①②③⑤

B、①②③④

C、②③④⑤

D、①②③④⑤

老年女性，75岁。慢性支气管炎病史30余年，近1周感冒后咳嗽、气促，咳痰量明显增加，并出现明显颜面、双下肢肿。

首选治疗措施是（）

A.强心利尿

B.控制感染

C.纠正电解质紊乱

D.改善消化道症状

E.保护肾脏功能

企业价值评估的经济利润法能够把投资决策的折现现金流量法与业绩考核的权责发生制统一起来。 ( )

Michael Porter, who has made his name throughout the business community by advocating his theories of competitive advantages, is now swimming into even more shark-infested waters, arguing that competition can save even America’s troubled health-care system, the largest in the world. Mr. Porter argues in " Redefining Health Care" that competition, if properly applied, can also fix what ails this sector.

That is a bold claim, given the horrible state of America’s health-care system. Just consider a few of its failings: America pays more per capita for health care than most countries, but it still has some 45m citizens with no health insurance at all. While a few receive outstanding treatment, he shows in heart-wrenching detail that most do not. The system, wastes huge resources on paperwork, ignores preventive care and, above all, has perverse incentives that encourage shifting costs rather than cutting them outright. He concludes that it is "on a dangerous path, with a toxic combination of high costs, uneven quality, frequent errors and limited access to care. "

Many observers would agree with this diagnosis, but many would undoubtedly disagree with this advocacy of more market forces. Doctors have an intuitive distrust of competition, which they often equate with greed, while many public-policy thinkers argue that the only way to fix America’s problem is to quash the private sector’s role altogether and instead set up a government monopoly like Britain’s National Health Service.

Mr. Porter ply disagrees. He starts by acknowledging that competition, as it has been introduced to America’s health system, has in fact done more harm than good. But he argues that competition has been introduced piecemeal, in incoherent and counter-productive ways that lead to perverse incentives and worse outcomes:" health-care competition is not focused on delivering value for patients," he says.

Mr. Porter offers a mix of solutions to fix this mess, and thereby to put the sector on a genuinely competitive footing. First comes the seemingly obvious (but as yet unrealized ) goal of data transparency. Second is a redirection of competition from the level of health plans, doctors, clinics and hospitals, to competition "at the level of medical conditions, which is all but absent". The authors argue that the right measure of "value" for the health of treatment, and what the cost is for that entire cycle. That rightly emphasizes the role of early detection and preventive care over techno-fixes, pricey pills and the other failings of today’s system.

If there is a failing in this argument, it is that he sometimes strays toward naive optimism. Mr. Porter argues, for example, that his solutions are so commonsensical that private actors in the health system could forge ahead with them profitably without waiting for the government to fix its policy mistakes. That is a tempting notion, but it falls into a trap that economists call the fallacy of the $ 20 bill on the street. If there really were easy money on the pavement, goes the argument, surely previous passers-by would have bent over and picked it up by now.

In the same vein, if Mr. Porter’s prescriptions are so sensible that companies can make money even now in the absence of government policy changes, why in the world have they not done so already One reason may be that they can make more money in the current sub- optimal equilibrium than in a perfectly competitive market--which is why government action is probably needed to sweep aside the many obstacles in the way of Mr. Porter’s powerful vision.

What seems to be the biggest problem with America’s health care system（）

A. American spends more money on health care than on other services

B. Most Americans couldn’t get their health insurance till their old age

C. Most American hospitals do not offer outstanding treatment to patients

D. The costs of health care are not steered towards a health direction