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试述“行为科学理论”各代表人物？

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题目：

试述“行为科学理论”各代表人物？

答案：

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Many people will have heard of the Alexander technique but have only a vague idea what it is about. Until earlier this year, I didn’t have the faintest idea about it. But, hunched over a computer screen one day, I noticed that the neck-and backache I regularly suffered were more painful than usual. I consulted a doctor, who said: "I can treat the symptoms by massaging your neck and upper back. But you actually have bad posture. That is what you need to get sorted out. Go off and learn the Alexander technique."
I had regularly been told by friends and family that I tend to slouch in chairs but had thought bad posture was something one was born with and could do nothing about, That is not true. Dentists and car mechanics, among others, tend to develop bad posture from leaning over patients or engine bays. Mothers often stress and strain their necks and backs lifting and carrying children, and those of us who sit in front of computers all day are almost certainly not doing our bodies any favours.
A few clicks on the web and I found an Alexander technique teacher, Tanya Shoop, in my area of south London and booked a first appointment. Three months later I am walking straighter and sitting better, while my neck and back pain are things of the past. I feel taller, too, which I may be imagining, but the technique can increase your height by up to five centimeters if you were badly slumped beforehand.
The teaching centres on the neck, head and back. It trains you to use your body less harshly and to perform familiar movements and actions with less effort. There is very little effort in the lessons themselves, which set apart the Alexander technique from pilates or yoga , which are exercise-based.
A typical lesson involves standing in front of a chair and learning to sit and stand with minimal effort. You spend some time ’lying on a bench with your knees bent to straighten the spine and relax your body while the teacher moves your arms and legs to train you to move them correctly.
The key is learning to break the bad habits accumulated over years. Try, for example, folding your arms the opposite way to normal. It feels odd, doesn’t it This is an example of a habit the body has formed which can be hard to break. Many of us carry out heads too far back and tilted skyward. The technique teaches you to let go of the muscles holding the head back, allowing it to resume its natural place on the summit of our spines. The head weighs four to six kilos, so any misalignment can cause problems for the neck and body.
So who was Alexander and how did he come up with the technique Frederick Matthias Alexander, an Australian theatrical orator born in 1860, found in his youth that his voice was failing during performance. He analysed himself and realized his posture was bad. He worked. on improving it, with dramatic results. He brought his technique to London 100 years ago and quickly gathered a following that included some very famous people. He died in 1955, having established a teacher-training school in London, which is thriving today.
So if you are slouching along the road one day, feeling weighed down by your troubles, give a thought to the Alexander technique. It could help you walk tall again.

The Alexander technique is different from yoga in that familiar movements ______ .

A．( are learnt through one-to-one tutorial

B．( need more energy and effort than we think

C．( are not to be performed strenuously

D．( are not required in the exercise
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C．专门用于生产B产品的原材料可变现净值以其生产的产品的市场价格为基础确定

D．专门用于生产B产品的原材料可变现净值以其生产的产品的合同价格为基础确定
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