男性，70岁，反复咳嗽、咳痰30年，活动后气短12年。动脉血气分析示PaCO250m

He has been running______.

A．since two hours

B．for two o’clock

C．two hours ago

D．for two hours

Cause and effect is one way to explain things that happen around us. Many things happen because something caused or influenced them to happen. Sometimes it is hard to look at a cause and find out what causes the effect. It may help you to start with the effect and use your reasoning(推理的) skills. Think about all the things you know that could be reasons for the effect you can see.

For example, you may see someone putting on a heavy jacket. This is the effect. To look for a cause, think to yourself, “What would make someone put on a heavy jacket?” Maybe the person works in the penguin pen(企鹅圈养地) at a Sea World. Maybe the person is going to visit an ice skating rink where the air is kept very cold. All of these things could be a cause for putting on a heavy jacket.

Now, think about a second example. The effect is a boy named Abi has to go to the head teacher’s office. What are the possible causes? Maybe he bullied(欺负)another student. Maybe he is just being picked up early. Maybe he is being given a prize!

Here is another example for you to think about its cause and effect. Cait, 13, was trying to fall asleep when her 8-year-old brother,Doug, came into her room. He looked around a bit, but seemed really out of it. Then Doug went back into the hallway and stood there looking straight up at the hall light for quite a while. Little brothers can be very strange, this was really much too strange. Cait didn’t know what to do. Just then, Cait’s father appeared and explained that Doug was sleepwalking. What’s the cause and effect, could you tell?

小题1:According to the second paragraph, which of the following is an effect?

A．Someone will go outside into cold weather.

B．Someone works in the penguin pen.

C．Someone puts on a heavy jacket.

D．Someone will go to visit an ice skating rink.小题2:Abi has to go to the head teacher’s office. Which of the following isn’t the possible  cause?

A．He bullied another student.

B．He is going shopping.

C．He is being picked up early.

D．He is being given a prize.小题3: What was Doug doing when his sister Cait tried to fall asleep?

A．He was going outside

B．He was reading a story.

C．He was leep walking.

D．He was looking for his dad.小题4:Which of the following is cause and effect?

A．Tony got up and had a glass of water.

B．We came home and found him sleeping.

C．The ball was lost and a window was broken.

D．Tim was late again and his teacher got angry.小题5:What is the best title for the text?

A．Truth and lies

B．Work and sleep

C．Cause and effect

D．Life and dreams

土壤侵蚀力包括哪些作用？

阅读下面的文字，然后回答问题。
包括一些海洋学科普作家在内的几乎每个人都认为，在大海深处的巨大压力之下，人体会被压扁。实际上，情况似乎并非如此。由于在很大程度上我们本身也是由水组成的，而水——用牛津大学弗朗西斯·阿什克罗夫特的话来说——“______”，因此人体仍会保持与周围的水一样的压力，不会被压死。麻烦的倒是体内的气体，尤其是肺内的气体。那里的气体确实会被压缩，但压缩到什么程度才会被致命，这还不知道。知道最近，人们还认为，要是潜到100米左右的深处，肺赃会内爆，胸壁会爆裂，他或她就会痛苦地死去，但裸潜者反复证明，情况恰好相反。据阿什克罗夫特所说，似乎“人可以比预想的更要像鲸和海豚”。
然而，许多别的方面可能出问题。在使用潜水衣——即用长管子连接水面的那种装备——的年代，潜水员有时候会经历一种可怕的现象，名叫“挤压”。这种情况发生在水面气泵失灵，造成潜水衣灾难性地失压的时候，倒霉的潜水员真的会被吸进面具和管子。等到被拖出水面，“衣服里剩下的几乎只有他的骨头和一点儿血肉模糊的东西”，生物学家J.B.S.霍尔丹在1947年写道，惟恐有人不信，他接着说，“这种事真的发生过”。
然而，在大海深处真正可怕的是得弯腰病(减压病)——倒不是因为这种病不舒服(虽然不舒服是肯定的)，而是因为发生的可能性大得多。我们呼吸的空气里有80%是氮。要是将人体至于压力之下，那个氮会变成小气泡，在血液和组织里到处移动。要是压力变化太大——比如潜水员上升太快——体内的气泡就会泛起泡沫，犹如刚刚打开的香槟酒瓶那样，堵塞了细小的血管，造成细胞失氧，使病人痛得直不起腰。这就是“弯腰病”这个名字的由来。
自古以来，弯腰病一直是潜水采海绵人和潜水采集珍珠人的职业病，但是19世纪以前没有引起西方世界的重视；而且，还包括那些不湿身体(至少不会湿得很厉害，一般不会湿到脚踝以上)的人。他们是沉箱工人。沉箱是密封的干室，建在河床，用于建造桥墩。沉箱里充满了压缩空气；当工人们在人造压力的条件下工作很长时间走出来的时候，他们会经历轻微的症状，比如皮肤刺痛或发痒。但是，无法预料的是，少数人会持续关节痛，偶尔痛得倒在地上，有时候再也爬不起来。
(比尔·布莱森《孤独的行星》，选自《万物简史》，接力出版社，2005)

根据本文，下列属于造成“减压病”原因的是：

A．深水的高压使人的肌体无法忍受

B．深水中的高压使人的肺脏内爆，胸壁破裂

C．潜水员上升太快导致压力的突然变化

D．潜水员在深水中会经历可怕的“挤压”

我国古代对炮制理论论述较为全面的著作是

A．《黄帝内经》

B．《神农本草经》

C．《本草纲目》

D．《本草蒙筌》

E．《炮炙大法》