测验性评价

中华文明源远流长，成就辉煌。阅读材料，回答问题。

材料一　唐诗是流传千古的中华文化瑰宝，是唐代文化最为光辉的成就。……明清时期文学的主要成就突出表现于小说，出现了一大批脍炙人口的通俗文学著作。

（1）根据材料一和所学知识，分别举出唐代成就最高、影响最大的诗人和明清时期代表我国古典小说高峰，思想性和艺术性结合得最好的一部作品。

材料二 英国学者李约瑟在《中国古代科学技术史》中写道：“从3世纪到13世纪，中国一直处于西方望尘莫及的科学地位，明清以后逐渐落后了。”

（2）据材料二和所学知识，指出宋元时期当时让“西方望尘莫及”的重大科技成就。

（3）据材料二和所学知识，指出明朝建筑的主要成就。

（4）结合所学知识，从政治制度和文化政策两方面分析明清以后中国科技逐渐落后的主要原因。      

下列引起睾丸不育症的原因中最常见的是（）

A.隐睾症

B.沙眼衣原体感染

C.支原体感染

D.腮腺炎后遗症

E.精索静脉曲张

先天性主动脉缩窄的X线表现为（）

A.肋骨切迹

B.3字征

C.升主动脉扩张

D.上纵隔阴影增宽

E.降主动脉上段的狭窄后扩张

A weather map is an important tool for geographers. A succession of three of four maps presents a continuous picture of weather changes. Weather forecasts are able to determine the speed of air masses and fronts; to determine whether an individual pressure area is deepening or becoming shallow and whether a front is increasing or decreasing in intensity. They are also able to determine whether an air mass is retaining its original characteristics or taking on those of the surface over which it is moving. Thus, a most significant function of the map is to reveal a synoptic picture of conditions in the atmosphere at a given time.

All students of geography should be able to interpret a weather map accurately. Weather maps contain an enormous amount of information about weather conditions existing at the time of observation over a large geographical area. They reveal in a few minutes what otherwise would take hours to describe. The United States weather Bureau issues information about approaching storms, floods, frosts, droughts, and all climatic conditions in general. Twice a month it issues a 30-day "outlook" which is a rough guide to weather conditions likely to occur over broad areas of the United States. These 30-day outlooks are based upon an analysis of the upper air levels with often set the stage for the development of air masses, fronts, and storms.

Considerable effort is being exerted today to achieve more accurate weather predictions. With the use of electronic instruments and earth satellites, enormous gains have taken place recently in identifying and tracking storms over regions which have but few meteorological stations. Extensive experiments are also in progress for weather modification studies. But the limitations of weather modification have prevented meteorological results except in the seeding of super-cooled, upslope mountainous winds which have produced additional orographical precipitation on the windward side of mountain ranges. Nevertheless, they have provided a clearer understanding of the fundamentals of weather elements.

The observation of weather conditions by satellites is advantageous because it（）

A. gives the scientist information not obtained readily otherwise

B. enables man to alter the weather

C. uses electronic instruments

D. is modern

利用万用表测量交流电压时，接入的电压互感器比率为100/1，若电压读数为20V，则实际电压为（）。

A.20V；

B.2000V；

C.0.02V；

D.2020V。