试题与答案

简述张载气一元论的基本观点。

题型:问答题 简答题

题目:

简述张载气一元论的基本观点。

答案:

参考答案:张载反对佛、老唯心主义,在自然观方面基本上坚持了朴素的唯物主义路线,提出了气一元论的思想。长在的唯物主义思想后来受到唯心主义者的批评和攻击,却得到明清的气本论者的继承和发展。

1、天地万物都是由气构成的

张载称:“凡可状,皆有也;凡有,皆象也;凡象皆气也。”“虚者天地之祖,万物从虚中来。”

针对佛、老唯心主义本体论,张载继承和发展了古代的唯物主义的自然观,把“气”作为世界的实体。气聚则结为万物,气散则化为太虚。

2、“太虚即气”

“太虚”、“虚空”:在中国古代哲学中是表示空间的两个概念,张载赋予其新的含义。

“太虚无形,气之本体;其聚其散,变化之客形尔。”“本体”指本来的状态,即气没有变成具体事物时的状态。“客体”指暂时的形态。

3、“知太虚即气则无‘无’”

张载称:“气之聚散于太虚,犹冰凝释于水,知太虚即气则无‘无’。”“太虚不能无气,气不能不聚而为万物,万物不能不散而为太虚。”

张载在这里坚持了太虚即是气,气是万物统一的惟一的实体的唯物主义观点,

从而驳斥了佛、老唯心主义。

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