实际应用中，将对比色可划为冷暖对比，（），明暗对比和面积对比等几类。A、深浅对比 B

　　其下平旷，有泉侧出，而记游者甚众，所谓前洞也。由山以上五六里，有穴窈然，入之甚寒，问其深，则其好游者不能穷也，谓之后洞。余与四人拥火以入，入之愈深，其进愈难，而其见愈奇。有怠而欲出者，曰：“不出，火且尽。”遂与之俱出。盖余所至，比好游者尚不能十一，然视其左右，来而记之者已少。盖其又深，则其至又加少矣。方是时，予之力尚足以入，火尚足以明也。既其出，则或咎其欲出者，而余亦悔其随之而不得极夫游之乐也。

　　于是余有叹焉。古人之观于天地、山川、草木、虫鱼、鸟兽，往往有得，以其求思之深而无不在也。夫夷以近，则游者众；险以远，则至者少。而世之奇伟、瑰怪、非常之观，常在于险远，而人之所罕至焉，故非有志者不能至也。有志矣，不随以止也，然力不足者，亦不能至也。有志与力，而又不随以怠，至于幽暗昏惑而无物以相之，亦不能至也。然力足以至焉，于人为可讥，而在己为有悔；尽吾志也而不能至者，可以无悔矣，其孰能讥之乎？此余之所得也！

　　余于仆碑，又以悲夫古书之不存，后世之谬其传而莫能名者，何可胜道也哉！此所以学者不可以不深思而慎取之也。

1．对下面划线的词语解释不正确的一项是 [ ]

A．火尚足以明也——明：明亮

B．夫夷以近，则游者众——夷：平坦

C．至于幽暗昏惑而无物以相之——相：帮助

D．何可胜道也哉——胜：尽

2．对下列句子中划线词语的用法和意义相同的一项是 [ ]

A．既其出，则或咎其欲出者——以其求思之深而无不在也

B．余与四人拥火以入——险以远，则至者少

C．有怠而欲出者——有志与力，而又不随以怠

D．而人之所罕至焉——然力足以至焉

3．下列各句句式不同于其它三句的一项是 [ ]

A．其下平旷，有泉侧出，而记游者甚众，所谓前洞也

B．此所以学者不可以不深思而慎取之也

C．遂与之俱出

D．此余之所得也

4．根据文意分析不正确的一项是 [ ]

A．《游褒禅山记》以小见大，借游山说明治学的道理：一是反对半途而废，提倡深入探索，二是反对道听途说，以讹传讹，主张探本索源，深思慎取。

B．作者在材料的选择上，略写前洞，较详细地写了后洞特点及游后洞的所见所感，这是为了配合说理的需要，这种安排颇具匠心。

C．作者揭示“志”、“力”、“物”三者之间的辨证关系，体现了作者朴素的辩证观点。作者在这儿所论述的既是游山之所得，又是治学处事之理。

D．全文借“古人之观于天地、山川、草木、虫鱼、鸟兽，往往有得，以其求思之深而无不在也”来过渡，将记叙部分和议论部分紧密联系起来，前后衔接自然。

5．把文言文阅读材料中划横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。

（1）而世之奇伟、瑰怪、非常之观，常在于险远。

　译文：__________________________________________

（2）尽吾志也而不能至者，可以无悔矣，其孰能讥之乎？

　译文：__________________________________________

阅读下面的文言文，完成后面问题。

叶衡字梦锡，婺州金华人。绍兴十八年进士第，调福州宁德簿，摄尉。以获盐寇改秩，知临安府于潜县。户版积弊，富民多隐漏，贫弱困于倍输，衡定为九等，自五等以下除其藉，而均其额于上之四等，贫者顿苏。征科为期限榜县门，俾里正谕民，不遣一吏而赋自足。治为诸邑最，郡以政绩闻。

擢知常州。时水潦为灾，衡发仓为糜以食饥者。或言常平①不可轻发，衡曰：“储蓄正备缓急，可视民饥而不救耶？”疫大作，衡单骑命医药自随，遍问疾苦，活者甚众。檄晋陵丞李孟坚摄无锡县，有政声，衡荐于上，即除知秀州。

除太府少卿。合肥濒湖有圩田四十里，衡奏：“募民以耕，岁可得谷数十万，蠲租税，二三年后阡陌成，仿营田，官私各收其半。”从之。

除户部侍郎。时盐课大亏，衡奏：“年来课入不增，私贩害之也，宜自煮盐之地为之制，司火之起伏，稽灶之多寡，亭户②本钱以时给之，盐之委积以时收之，择廉能吏察之，私贩自绝矣。”仍命措置官三人。

丁母忧。起复，除枢密都承旨。奏马政之弊，宜命统制一员各领马若干匹，岁终计其数为殿最。李垕应贤良方正对策，近讦直，入第四等，衡奏：“陛下赦其狂而取其忠，足以显容谏之盛。”乃赐垕制科出身。有言江、淮兵籍伪滥，诏衡按视，赐以袍带、鞍马、弓矢，且命衡措置民兵，咸称得治兵之要。讫事赴阙，上御便殿阅武士，召衡预观，赐酒，洒宸翰赐之。

拜右丞相兼枢密使。上锐意恢复，凡将帅、器械、山川、防守悉经思虑，奏对毕，从容赐坐，讲论机密，或不时召对。

上选使求河南，衡奏：“司谏汤邦彦有口辨，宜使金。”邦彦请对，问所以遣，既知荐出于衡，恨衡挤已，闻衡对客有讪上语，奏之，上大怒。即日罢相。年六十有二薨。

（节选自《宋史·列传第一百四十三》）

【注】：①常平：常平仓。②亭户：古代的盐户。

小题1:对下列句子中加点的词的解释，不正确的一项是（  ）（3分）

A．时盐课大亏课：赋税。

B．司火之起伏司：观察。

C．盐之委积以时收之委：聚积。

D．讫事赴阙讫：完毕。小题2:以下各组句子中，全都表明叶衡有治理才干的一组是（  ）（3分）

①治为诸邑最，郡以政绩闻       ②发仓为糜以食饥者       ③衡单骑命医药自随，遍问疾苦   ④仿营田，官私各收其半       ⑤宜自煮盐之地为之制           ⑥宜命统制一员各领马若干匹

A．①③④

B．②⑤⑥

C．①④⑤

D．②③⑥小题3:下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析，不正确的一项是（  ）（3分）

A．叶衡关心百姓疾苦。在任于潜县令时，贫弱户苦于重复纳税，他把民户定为九等，把五等以下应交的份额均摊给上四等，使贫民得到解脱；在常州任上，他积极应灾救民。

B．叶衡深得皇上赏识。皇上驾临偏殿检阅武士时，特意让叶衡参与观礼，赐给他酒，并亲自写字赐给他；皇上考虑军机大事时，也常常召见他参与研讨。

C．叶衡富有治军之才。他在任枢密都承旨时，有人反映江、淮一带士兵名籍造假现象泛滥，皇上下诏让叶衡考察巡视，并且命令叶衡处理安置民兵，人们都称赞他抓住了治军要领。

D．叶衡能够唯才是举。李孟坚在代理无锡县令时，有很好的为政声誉，叶衡就向皇上举荐；李垕在应贤良方正对策时亢直敢言，叶衡上奏劝说皇上赐他制科出身。小题4:把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。（10分）

（1）征科为期限榜县门，俾里正谕民，不遣一吏而赋自足

（2）或言常平不可轻发，衡曰：“储蓄正备缓急，可视民饥而不救耶？”

Have you winterized your horse yet? Even though global warming may have made our climate more mild, many animals are still hibernating(冬眠) .It’s too bad that humans can’t hibernate. In fact, as a species, we almost did.

Apparently, at times in the past , peasants in France liked a semi-state of human hibernation . So writes Graham Robb, a British scholar who has studied the sleeping habits of the French peasants. As soon as the weather turned cold people all over France shut themselves away and practiced the forgotten art of doing nothing at all for months on end.

In line with this, Jeff Warren, a producer at CBC Radio’s The Current, tells us that the way we sleep has changed fundamentally since the invention of artificial(人造的) lighting and the electric bulb.

When historians began studying texts of the Middle Ages, they noticed something referred to as “first sleep”, which was not clarified, though.  Now scientists are telling us our ancestors most likely slept in separate periods. The business of eight hours’ uninterrupted sleep is a modern invention.

In the past , without the artificial light of the city to bathe in, humans went to sleep when it became dark and then woke themselves around midnight. The late night period was known as ”The Watch” It was when people actually kept watch against wild animals ,although many of them simply moved around or visited family and neighbours .

According to some sleep researchers, a short period of insomnia(失眠) at midnight is not a disorder .It is normal . Humans can experience another state of consciousness  around their sleeping, which occurs in the brief period before we fall asleep or wake ourselves in the morning .This period can be an extraordinarily creative time for some people .The impressive inventor, Thomas Edison , used this state to hit upon many of his new ideas.

Playing with your sleep rhythms can be adventurous  ,as anxiety may set in. Medical science doesn’t help much in this case. It offers us medicines for a full night’s continuous sleep, which sounds natural ; however, according to Warren’s theory，it is really the opposite of what we need.

67.The example of the French peasants shows the fact that________.

A. people might become lazy as a result of too much sleep

B. there were signs of hibernation in human sleeping habits

C.people tended to sleep more peacefully in cold weather

D. winter was a season for people to sleep for months on end

68. The late night was called “The Watch”because it was a time for people______.

A. to set traps to catch animals

B. to wake up their family and neighbours

C. to remind others of the time

D.to guard against possible dangers

69. What does the author advise people to do ?

A. Sleep in the way animals do.

B.Consult a doctor if they can’t sleep.

C.Follow their natural sleep rhythm.

D.Keep to the eight-hour sleep pattern.

70.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?

A.To give a prescription for insomnia.

B.To urge people to sleep less.

C.To analyze the sleep pattern of modern people.

D.To throw new light on human sleep.

小农经济之下最适宜的生存方式是以下哪一种（）

A、群居性

B、分散性

C、杂居性

D、跨越性

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