承兑是银行在( )上签章按( )指示到期付款的行为。A．银行汇票；付款人 B．商

住宅共用部位、共用设施设备维修和更新、改造，涉及尚未售出的商品住宅、非住宅或者公有住房的，( )应当按照尚未售出商品住宅或者公有住房的建筑面积，分摊维修和更新、改造费用。

A．开发建设单位或者物业服务企业

B．开发建设单位或者公有住房单位

C．公有住房单位或者物业服务企业

D．商品房业主或公有住房业主

下列叙述中不正确的是（     ）

A．该反应中一氧化碳是还原剂

B．发生氧化反应的是氧化铜

C．实验前要先通入一氧化碳，再点燃酒精灯

D．此装置可以防止有毒的一氧化碳气体对空气的污染，同时又可以充分利用能源

抢救物品管理的“五定”不包括（）

A.定数量品种

B.定点放置

C.定期更换

D.定期检查维修

E.定人保管

Surprisingly enough, modern historians have rarely interested themselves in the history of the American South in the period before the South began to become self-consciously and distinctively " Southern"—the decades after 1815. Consequently, the cultural history of Britain’s North American empire in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries has been written almost as if the Southern colonies had never existed. The American culture that emerged during the Colonial and Revolutionary eras has been depicted as having been simply an extension of New England Puritan culture.

However, Professor Davis has recently argued that the South stood apart from the rest of American society during this early period, following its own unique pattern of cultural development. The case for Southern distinctiveness rests_ upon two related premises: first, that the cultural similarities among the five Southern colonies were far more impressive than the differences, and second, that what made those colonies alike also made them different from the other colonies. The first, for which Davis offers an enormous amount of evidence, can be accepted without major recitations, the second is far more problematic.

What makes the second premise problematic is the use of the Puritan colonies as a basis for comparison. Quite properly,Davis decries the excessive influence ascribed by historians to the Puritans in the formation of American culture. Yet Davis inadvertently adds weight to such ascriptions by using the Puritans as the standard against which to assess the achievements and contributions of Southern colonials. Throughout, Davis focuses on the important and undeniable differences between the Southern and Puritan colonies in motives for and patterns of early settlement, in attitudes toward nature and Native Americans, and in the degree of receptivity to metropolitan cultural influences.

However, recent scholarship has ply suggested that those aspects of early New England culture that seem to have been most distinctly Puritan, such as the p religious orientation and the communal impulse, were not even typical of New England as a whole, but were largely confined to the two colonies of Massachusetts and Connecticut. Thus, what in contrast to the Puritan colonies appears to Davis to be peculiarly Southern-acquisitiveness. A p interest in polities and the law, and a tendency to cultivate metropolitan cultural models were not only more typically English than the cultural patterns exhibited by Puritan Massachusetts and Connecticut, but also almost certainly characteristic of most other early modern British colonies from Barbados north to Rhode Island and New Hampshire. Within the larger framework of American colonial life, then, not the Southern but the Puritan colonies appear to have been distinctive, and even they seem to have been rapidly assimilating to the dominant cultural patterns by the last Colonial period.

What do we learn about the cultural history of Britain’s North American empire from Paragraph 1 （）

A. The southern colonies had never existed before 17C

B. Historians nowadays ignore it for some reason unknown

C. The American culture during the Colonial era was actually New England Puritan Culture

D. People today think that history was not recorded by government

有这样一个小故事，讲的是甲乙两人分一块蛋糕。由于谁来切都会给自己多切一些，因而两人为如何公平地分蛋糕而争执不下。这时，有人给他们出了一个主意：让一个人切，另一个人挑。这样分蛋糕的公平问题就解决了。
公平正义，现在早已是大家耳熟能详的词了。但到底什么是公平正义，却不是一两句话能说清楚的。就拿人们关心的收人分配领域的公平正义问题来说，人们对收入差距的看法就不尽相同。有人认为市场经济讲竞争，人的能力有强有弱，承担的风险有大有小，付出的努力有多有少，收入存在差距是必然的，也是公正的；也有人说，有差距是正常的，但要看收入差距产生的原因是什么；还有人说，收入存在一定的差距是正常的，但超过一定限度就难说公正了。
所谓公平正义，也就是我们通常所说的公正。凡有人群且有利益分配的地方，就必然会产生公平正义的问题。近年来，为促进社会公平正义，我国在完善制度方面进行了积极探索，如在收入分配制度方面，从1980年开始征收个人所得税，征收额从当年的16万元增加到2005年2000多亿元；2006年起将个人所得税起征点调高到1600元；从2008年3月份起，个税按2000元/月的起征标准算。2011年9月起，个税起征点提高到3500元/月。这一系列政策的实施和完善，对于合理调节收入分配差距、促进社会公平起到了积极作用。
请回答以下问题：

在一些地方和单位，为了确保公平正义，制定了不少规章制度，但有的并未发挥实际作用，反倒一些潜规则起了作用，其原因主要是( )。

A．“潜规则”本身存在缺陷

B．一些人自身有道德问题

C．有的人对制度执行不力

D．一些制度本身有破绽