行为测量的有效性，即反映某种行为特征的真实性和正确性。被称为测量的（）。 A.常模

阅读理解。

     Baby girls make their way directly for dolls as soon as they can crawl, while boys will head for the toy

cars,  a study has shown. The findings, the first to show differences in very young babies, suggest there is

a biological basis to their preferences.

     Psychologists Dr Brenda Todd from City University London carried out an experiment involving 90

infants aged nine months to 36 months. The babies were allowed to choose from seven toys. Some were

stereotypically boys' toys - a car, a digger, a ball and a blue teddy.  The rest were girls' toys: a pink teddy, a doll and a cooking set. They were placed a meter away from the toys, and could pick whichever toy

they liked. Their choice and the amount of time they spent playing with each toy were recorded.

     Of the youngest children (nine to 14 months), girls spent significantly longer playing with the doll than

boys, and boys spent much more time with the car and ball than the girls did. Among the two-and

three-year-olds, girls spent 50 percent of the time playing with the doll while only two boys briefly

touched it. The boys spent almost 90 percent of their time playing with cars, which the girls barely

touched. There was no link between the parents' view on which toys were more appropriate for boys or

girls, and the children's choice.

     Dr Brenda Todd said: "Children of this age are already exposed to much socialization. Boys may be

given 'toys that go' while girls get toys they can care for, which may help shape their preference. But these

findings agree with the former idea that children show natural interests in particular kinds of toys. There

could be a biological basis for their choices. Males through evolution have been adapted to prefer moving objects, probably through hunting instincts(本能), while girls prefer warmer colors such as pink, the

color of a newborn baby."

1. Baby boys and girls have different toy preferences probably because          .

A. baby boys are much more active

B. baby girls like bright colors more

C. their parents treat them differently

D. there is a natural difference between them

2.What can we infer from Paragraph 3 ?

A. Nine-month-old baby boys don't play with dolls at all.

B. Two-year-old baby girls sometimes play with cars and balls.

C. The older the babies are, the more obvious their preference is.

D. Parents should teach their babies to share each other's toys.

3. What conclusion did Dr. Brenda Todd draw from the results of the study?

A. Adults purposely influence their babies preference.

B. Babies' preference isn't affected by social surroundings.

C. Baby boys preferring to moving toys will be good at hunting.

D. Baby girls preferring warmer colors will be warm-hearted.

4.We may read this article in a         section of a newspaper.

A. science

B. health  

C. education  

D. entertainment  

《学记》指出“学然后知不足，教然后知困，知不足然后能自反也，知困然后能自强也。故日：教学相长”。古代教育家王夫之说： “夫学以学夫所教，而学必非教；教以教人之学，而教必非学。”问题：

(1)该材料主要告诉我们什么道理

2007年11月江东市沿江区举行区人大代表直接选举，外语学校第一选区可以选举产生1名正式区人大代表，王老师和李老师被确定为该选区的正式候选人。请联系直接选举中有关投票选举和当选的内容回答下列问题。

王老师如果要有效当选人大代表，选区需多少选民参加投票？他必须获得多少选票？

第二语言测试可分为水平测试、（）、诊断测试、潜能测试

在生产84（64+20）mm烟支规格，其滤棒消耗指标应为≤（）支/箱，50000支/箱。

A.8000

B.8900

C.8500

D.7850