试题与答案

已知函数f(x)=Inx-ax(a∈R,a≠0).(1)当a=-1时,讨论f(x

题型:解答题

题目:

已知函数f(x)=Inx-
a
x
(a∈R,a≠0)

(1)当a=-1时,讨论f(x)在定义域上的单调性;
(2)若f(x)在区间[1,e]上的最小值是
3
2
,求实数a的值.

答案:

(1)当a=-1时,f(x)=lnx+

1
x

f′(x)=

1
x
-
1
x2
=
x-1
x2

∵x>0,

∴f(x)在区间(0,1)上递减,在区间(1,+∞)上递增.(6分)

(2)由已知f′(x)=

x+a
x2
,①当a≥-1时,而x≥1,

∴x+a≥a+1≥0,

∴f(x)在[1,e]上递增,于是f(x)min=f(1)=-a=

3
2
,有a=-
3
2
不成立(8分)

②当a≤-e时,而x≤e,

∴x+a≤e+a≤0,

∴f(x)在[1,e]上递减,

于是f(x)min=f(e)=1-

a
e
=
3
2
,有a=-
e
2
不成立.(10分)

③当-e<a<-1时,在区间[1,-a]上,a+1≤x+a≤0,则f'(x)≤0,

∴f(x)递减,

在区间(-a,e]上,0<x+a≤a+e,则f'(x)>0,

∴f(x)递增,

f(x)min=f(-a)=ln(-a)+1=

3
2

a=-

e
(12分)

综上所述得:实数a=-

e

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