劳动的正式群体的主要功能有哪些？

按要求写出下列各词。

1. foot (复数) _______________

2. cold (反义词) _______________

3. cry (现在分词) _______________

4. young (反义词) _______________

5. laugh (现在分词) _______________

The train leaves at 6:00 pm, so I have to be at the station_____5 :40 pm at the latest.          [ ]

A. until        

B. after      

C. by        

D. on

阅读下列材料，回答问题。

材料一：我国沙尘暴的分布，从时间上看沙尘天气有越来越频繁的趋势，并且有季节的差异。在历史上有明确记载的252次沙尘天气中，发生于2月（农历，以下同）的有59次，3月的有57次，4月的有37次，2 ～4月共有153次之多，约占全球沙尘天气的61％。

材料二：沙尘暴的形成，除了大风、干旱等自然原因外，人为原因也不能忽视。例如，在一些经济落后地区，人们把采掘药材作为收入的主要途径，过度采挖麻黄、甘草、发菜等，或者采挖多种灌木作为燃料，从而大范围地破坏了植被，长期对草场资源掠夺性利用，盲目增加牲畜的数量，造成草原退化、沙化严重，在农牧交错地带，人口密度增加，土地负荷加重，植物资源遭到破坏，导致大量土地沙化。

（1）我国沙尘暴多发生在______（季节）。

（2）沙尘暴在我国主要分布在西北地区和______地区。

（3）沙尘暴形成的自然原因是______，人为原因是______。

（4）针对沙尘暴问题，你认为可采取哪些措施？

________________________________________________________________________________

第II卷（非选择题，共35分）

注意事项：

1. 用黑色墨水的钢笔或签字笔将答案写在答题纸上。

2. 本卷共6小题，共35分。

第三部分：写作

第一节   阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

阅读下面短文，并根据题目要求用英语回答问题（请注意问题后的字数要求）。

Sleepless in Seattle? Hardly. West Virginia is where people are really staying awake, according to the first government study to monitor state-by-state differences in sleeplessness. West Virginians’ lack of sleep was about double the national rate, perhaps a side effect of health problems such as obesity(肥胖), experts said.

Nearly 1 in 5 West Virginians said they did not get a single good night’s sleep in the previous month. The national average was about 1 in 10, according to a federal health survey. Tennessee, Kentucky and Oklahoma also were notably above average with nearly 1 in 7 people reporting in a lack of sleep. In contrast, North Dakota was below average, with only 1 in 13 reporting that degree of sleeplessness. Health officials do not know the exact reasons for the differences.

In the survey, people weren’t required to answer the question why they were not able to get enough rest or sleep. But experts noted several possible explanations: West Virginia ranks at or near the bottom of the nation in several important measurements of health, including obesity, smoking, heart disease and the proportion of adults with disabilities.

Studies have increasingly found that sleeping problems often occurred among people with certain health problems, including obesity. “You would expect to see poorer sleep within a chronically (慢性地) diseased population,” noted Dr Ronald Chervin, a sleep disorders expert in University of Michigan.

Financial stress and work shifts(倒班)can play roles in sleeplessness, too, Chervin added. He suggested those may be contributing factors in West Virginia, an economically depressed state with tens of thousands of people working in coal mining.

The report was based on results of an annual telephone survey of more than 400,000 Americans, including at least 3,900 in each state. The survey did not include people who use only cellphones.

56. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1? (No more than 15 words.)

___________________________________________________________________________

57. What does the underlined word “notably” in Paragraph 2 mean? (No more than 3 words.)

___________________________________________________________________________

58. What was the possible reason for the high rate of sleeplessness in West Virginia according to Paragraph 3?  (No more than 12 words.)

___________________________________________________________________________

59. List three factors that contribute to sleeplessness based on the passage.

(No more than 8 words.)

①____________________ ②_____________________ ③______________________

60. How was the research carried out? (No more than 10 words.)

___________________________________________________________________________

明渠中上下游两个渐流过水断面的侧压管水头的关系为( )。

A．上游等于下游
B．上游小于下游
C．上游大于下游
D．无法确定