试题与答案

(1)人误食重金属盐中毒后,为减轻毒性,最好服用下列物质中的 ( ) A.水 B

题型:计算题

题目:

(1)人误食重金属盐中毒后,为减轻毒性,最好服用下列物质中的   (      )

A.水

B.肥皂水

C.蛋清

D.盐水(2)在医疗上用X射线检查胃病时,常让病人服用硫酸钡(俗称钡餐)的悬浊液。硫酸钡也是重金属盐,为什么对人体没有伤害?______________________________。

(3)为测定某BaCl2溶液的溶质质量分数,现取100gBaCl2溶液,不断加入稀H2SO4,反应过程中溶液质量与加入稀H2SO4的质量关系如图所示,请回答:

①P点意义_______________。

②反应生成BaSO4沉淀的质量为_________g。

③求原BaCl2溶液的溶质质量分数。

答案:

(1) C    (2) 没有自由移动的钡离子或BaSO4不溶于胃酸

(3)①完全反应  ②23.3   ③20.8%

题目分析:(1)重金属盐可以使蛋白质变性,从而对人体有毒,可以加入蛋清消耗重金属盐;(2)钡离子属于重金属离子,对人体有害,硫酸钡没有自由移动的钡离子或BaSO4不溶于胃酸;(3)①P点是硫酸和氯化钡恰好完全反应的点,②反应生成BaSO4沉淀的质量为加入100g稀硫酸后溶液少增加的质量,为

③解:设BaCl2质量为

BaCl2+H2SO4=BaSO4 +2HCl 

208        233

         23.3g

 

原BaCl2溶液的溶质质量分数为

答:原BaCl2溶液的溶质质质量分数为20.8%

点评:这是化学反应联系方程式的计算题,这种题目是每年中考的压轴题,必考题,这类题目的难点在于把坐标曲线表示的意义和题干联系起来。

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题型:填空题

根据课文内容用适当的词填空,使短文完整。

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