属于国家所有的馆藏档案由（）公布。A、档案馆 B、档案形成机关 C、档案行政管理部门 D、

生活处处有化学，化学知识在生活中的应用无处不在。

⑴ 自然界的水，包括我们日常用到的自来水都有一定的硬度。使用硬水会给我们的生活带来很多麻烦。检验硬水和软水的方法是                       。

⑵ 家庭用煤经过了从“煤球”到“蜂窝煤”的变化，以前人们把煤粉加工成略大于乒乓球的球体，后来人们把煤粉加工成圆柱体，并在圆柱体内打上一些孔(如右图)。打孔的目的是            。发煤炉时常用扇子往进风口扇风的目的是           。

中气下陷，可引起

A．嗳气呃逆
B．头痛、头胀、面红目赤
C．胃脘痛
D．脘腹有重坠感
E．咳逆上气

就给定资料所反映的主要问题，用1200字左右的篇幅，自拟标题进行论述。要求中心明确，内容充实，论述深刻，有说服力。

患儿10个月，上呼吸道感染，流清涕，鼻塞明显。

给患儿滴鼻，时间宜选在( )。

A．空腹时
B．睡觉前10～15分钟
C．睡觉后
D．哺乳前10～15分钟
E．哺乳后10～15分钟

We have known for a long time that the organization of any particular society is influenced by the definition of the sexes and the distinction drawn between them. But we have realized only recently that the identity of each sex is not so easy to pin down, and that definitions evolve in accordance with different types of culture known to us, that is, scientific discoveries and ideological revolutions. Our nature is not considered as immutable, either socially or biologically. As we approach the beginning of the 21st century, the substantial progress made in biology and genetics is radically challenging the roles, responsibilities and specific characteristics attributed to each sex, and yet, scarcely twenty years ago, these were thought to be "beyond dispute".

We can safely say, with a few minor exceptions, that the definition of the sexes and their respective functions remained unchanged in the West from the beginning of the 19tb century to the 1960s. The role distinction, raised in some cases to the status of uncompromising dualism on a ply hierarchical model, lasted throughout this period, appealing for its justification to nature, religion and customs alleged to have existed since the dawn of time. The woman bore children and took care of the home. The man set out tc conquer the world and was responsible for the survival of his family, by satisfying their needs in peacetime and going to war when necessary.

The entire world order rested on the divergence of the sexes. Any overlapping or confusion between the roles was seen as a threat to the time-honored order of things. It was felt to be against nature, a deviation from the norm.

Sex roles were determined according to the "place" appropriate to each. Women’s place was, first and foremost, in the home. The outside world, i.e. workshops, factories and business firms, belonged to men. This sex-based division of the world (private and public) gave rise to a strict dichotomy between the attitudes, which conferred on each its special identity. The woman, sequestered at home, "cared, nurtured and conserved". To do this, she had no need to be daring, ambitious, tough or competitive. The man, on the other hand, competing with his fellow men, was caught up every day in the struggle for survival, and hence developed those characteristics which were thought natural in a man.

Today, many women go out to work, and their reasons for doing so have changed considerably. Besides, the traditional financial incentives, we find ambition and personal fulfillment motivating those in the most favorable circumstances, and the wish to have a social life and to get out of their domestic isolation influencing others. Above all, for all women, work is invariably connected with the desire for independence.

The author believes that sex discrimination in the West before the 1960s was（）

A.preferable

B. prevalent

C.presumable

D. precedent