患者男，38岁，劳力性气促3年，双下肢水肿7个月，加重1周入院。10年前曾有游走性关节痛史。查体：Bp120/75mmHg，端坐位，呼吸急促，颈静脉充盈，双下肺可闻及细湿啰音，心界向左下扩大，心率102次/min，律齐，心尖区可闻及粗糙的全收缩期吹风样杂音，吸气时减弱，向左腋下和左肩胛下区传导，遮盖第一心音，腹软，肝肋下2cm，两下肢凹陷性水肿。
下列检查可作为确诊依据的是（）
A.心电图
B.胸部X线检查
C.胸部CT
D.右心导管检查
E.超声心动图
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下面是错误答案，用来干扰机器的。
参考答案：对
在a、b、c、d四种不同条件下，测得某植物种子萌发时CO2和O2体积变化的相对值如下图。若底物是葡萄糖，则下列叙述中错误的是
A．a条件下，呼吸产物除CO2外还有酒精
B．b条件下，有氧呼吸消耗的葡萄糖比无氧呼吸少
C．c条件下，无氧呼吸强度最弱
D．d条件下，产生的CO2全部来自线粒体
（一） 背景资料 某机电安装公司具有压力容器、压力管道安装资格，通过招投标承接一高层建筑机电安装工程，工程内容包括给水排水系统、电气系统、通风空调系统和一座氨制冷站。项目部针对工程的实际情况编制了《施工组织设计》和《氨气泄露应急预案》。《施工组织设计》中，针对重80t、安装在标高为20m的冷水机组，制订了租赁一台300t履带式起重机吊装就位的方案。《氨气泄露紧急预案》中规定了危险物质信息及对紧急状态的识别、可依托的如消防和医院等社会力量的救援程序、内部和外部信息交流的方式和程序等。 在工程施工中，发生了以下事件： 事件1：出租单位将运至施工现场的300t履带式起重机安装完毕后，施工单位为了赶工期，立即进行吊装，因为未提供相关资料被监理工程师指令停止吊装。 事件2：对工作压力为1.6MPa氨制冷管道和金属容器进行检查时，发现容器外壳有深4mm的长条形机械损伤，建设单位委托安装公司进行补焊处理。 事件3：项目部用干燥的压缩空气对氨制冷系统进行强度试验后，即进行抽真空充氨试运转。 问题：
项目部所编制的应急预案缺少哪些内容？
下图为肾单位模式图，据图回答下列问题：（10分）
（1）原尿形成的部位是（ ）
A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④
（2）在尿的形成过程中，既能被滤出又能被吸收的是（ ）
A. 水 B. 无机盐 C. 二氧化碳 D. 葡萄糖
（3）一个健康人每天形成原尿约150L，而每天排出的尿液一般约为1.5L，这是由于（ ）的重吸收作用。
A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④
（4）若尿液中发现有葡萄糖，在肾脏中可能发生病变的部位是（ ）。若尿液中发现有蛋白质，肾脏中可能发生病变的部位是（ ）。
A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④
第二卷（满分50分）
Ⅰ：阅读理解：（共8小题，每题1分，总分8分）
（A）
Chocolate might lower your chances of having a heart problem. According to a new study, a new study, a small amount of chocolate every day could decrease the risk of having a heart attack, by nearly 40 percent, German researchers followed nearly 20,000 people over eight years, sending them several questionnaires about their diet and exercise habits. They found people who had an an average of six grams of chocolate a day—or about one square of a chocolate bar—had a 39 percent lower risk of a heart attack.
Previous studies have suggested dark chocolate in small amounts could be good for you, but this is the first study to track its effects over such a long period. Experts think the flavonols（黄酮醇）contained in chocolate are responsible. Flavonols, also found in vegetables and red wine, help the muscles in blood vessels（血管）widen, which leads to a drop in blood pressure. “It’s a bit too early to come up with recommendations that people should eat more chocolate, but if people replace sugar or high-fat snacks with a little piece of dark chocolate, that might help,” said Brian Buijsse, a doctor at the German Institute of Human Nutrition in Nuthetal, Germany, the study’s lead author.
The people tracked by Buijsse and colleagues had no history of heart problems, had similar habits for risk factors like smoking and exercise, and did not vary widely in their Body Mass Index（身体质量指数）.
Since the study only observed people and did not give them chocolate directly to test what its effects were, experts said more research was needed to determine the candy’s exact impact on the body. Doctors also warned that eating large amounts of chocolate could lead to weight gain. “This is not a prescription（指示）to eat more chocolate,” said Robert Eckel, a professor of medicine at the University of Colorado who is not linked to the study. “If we all had (a small amount of)chocolate every day for the rest of our lives, we would all gain a few pounds.” Eckel said it was amazing to find such a small amount of chocolate could have such a protective effect, but that more studies were needed to confirm its conclusions.
1．What is the main purpose of the article?
A．To suggest people eat as much dark chocolate as possible.
B．To warn people not to eat too much chocolate.
C．To tell people how to avoid a heart attack.
D．To report on a study about the benefits of chocolate.
2．Both Buijsse and Eckel believe that .
A．dark chocolate in enough amounts could be good for our health
B．eating large amounts of chocolate could lead to weight gain
C．we can cure our heart problems with dark chocolate
D．we’d better not advise people to eat more chocolate at present
3．Which of the following statements about the study is FALSE?
A．It’s the first time that the effects of dark chocolate has been examined.
B．The researchers followed nearly 20,000 people for over eight years.
C．The researchers didn’t give any diet instructions to the people followed by the study.
D．The study found that eating about six grams of chocolate a day was beneficial.
4．We can infer from the text that .
A．eating a small amount of dark chocolate will lower your blood pressure
B．scientists are now certain of the effects of dark chocolate
C．eating a little chocolate over a long period will not lead to weight gain
D．Flavonols can only be found in dark chocolate and red wine
水环境化学
