高频振荡型接近开关和电容型接近开关对环境条件的要求较高。

以下哪些情况会导致硬切换（）

A、在不同CDMA运营者的基站或扇区之间切换

B、在不对新的导频进行软切换的情况下，从一个导频集转换到另一个导频集（不相交的激活集）

C、CDMA到模拟系统间的相互切换

D、切换中帧偏置分配的变化

阅读表达。阅读下面短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

     Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart (购物手推车).

They will, in a lifetime, push the chrome-plated contraptions many miles. But few will know-or even think

to ask-who it was that invented them.

     Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business.

Every day he would see shoppers lugging (吃力地携带) groceries around in baskets they had to carry.

     One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets would make

shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business.

     On June 4, 1937, Goldman's first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly excited on the

morning of that day as customers began arriving. He couldn't wait to see them using his invention.

     But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody would give

them a try.

     After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they weren't using his carts. "Don't you think this

arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket?" one shopper replied.

     But Goldman wasn't beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade

people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and

pretend they were shopping! Seeing this, the real customers gradually began copying the phony (假冒的)

customers.

     As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his

market. But not only did more people come-those who came bought more. With larger, easier-to-handle

baskets, customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before.

     Today's shopping carts are five times larger than Goldman's original model. Perhaps that's one reason

Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937-

before the coming of the shopping cart.

1. The underlined words "chrome-plate contraptions" in Paragraph 1 refer to _____. (No more than 3 words)

2. What was the purpose of Goldman's invention? (No more than 10 words)

    ______________________________________________________________________________________

3. Why was Goldman disappointed at first? (No more than 10 words) 

    ______________________________________________________________________________________

4. Why did Goldman hire people to push carts around his market? (No more than 10 words) 

    ______________________________________________________________________________________

5. What do you think of Goldman? Please give your reasons. (No more than 20 words) 

    ______________________________________________________________________________________

（2008）2005年6月27日，甲房地产开发公司（以下简称甲公司）通过拍卖取得了A市（非经济特区）城市规划区内一地块，并与国土管理部门签订了土地使用权出让合同。该地块为商品住宅开发用地，合同规定的该住宅用地出让年限为出让最高年限，从土地交付使用之日开始计算。2005年7月27日，在缴纳了出让金和相关费用后，该土地被交付给甲公司使用。2005年8月30日，甲公司根据市场情况申请改变土地利用条件，获得相关部门批准并变更了出让合同。甲公司通过邀请招标确定了施工单位。经过一段时间的建设后，甲公司将该项目的销售权独家委托给乙房地产经纪公司（以下简称乙公司）。2006年2月15日，李某以5600元／m²的价格预购了该项目中的一套98m²房屋。甲公司于2007年5月30日将房屋交付给李某，李某办理了《房屋所有权证》和《国有土地使用证》。

甲公司申请改变土地利用条件必须经过（）的同意。

A.出让方

B.房地产管理部门

C.建没行政管理部门

D.规划行政管理部门

轧制（）钢时，宽展较小，不需进行准确计算。

A、板带材

B、型材

C、管材