简述对外贸易的概念及其分类。

某工厂的机电安装工程由某机电公司负责。由于工程施工时间有限，施工单位为尽快完成任务，决定在每晚加班2h赶工。因施工现场用电设施不全面，影响施工质量，于是施工单位向供电部门申请临时用电，并根据国家有关标准、规范和施工现场的实际负荷情况，编制施工现场《临时用电施工组织设计》，并向当地电业部门申报用电方案。施工单位依照《中华人民共和国电力法》安装用电计量装置，按照《施工现场临时用电安全技术规范》用电，并进行检查验收，既保证了用电安全，也保证了施工质量，取得很好的效果。

国家对电力建设、生产、供应和使用活动的管理原则是实行（）。

A．安全用电

B．节约用电

C．计划用电

D．计量用电

E．文明用电

Diana Jacobs thought her family had a workable plan to pay for college for her 21-year-old twin sons: a combination of savings, income, scholarships, and a modest amount of borrowing. Then her husband lost his job, and the plan fell apart.

“I have two kids in college, and I want to say ‘come home,’ but at the same time I want to provide them with a good education,” says Jacobs.

The Jacobs family did work out a solution: They asked and received more aid form the schools, and each son increased his borrowing to the maximum amount through the federal loan (贷款) program. They will each graduate with $20,000 of debt, but at least they will be able to finish school.

With unemployment rising, financial aid administrators expect to hear more families like the Jacobs. More students are applying for aid, and more families expect to need student loans. College administrators are concerned that they will not have enough aid money to go around.

At the same time, tuition（学费）continues to rise. A report from the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education found that college tuition and fees increased 439% from 1982 to 2007, while average family income rose just 147%. Student borrowing has more than doubled in the last decade,

“If we go on this way for another 25years, we won’t have an affordable system of higher education,” says Patrick M. Callan, president of the center. “The middle class families have been financing it through debt. They will send kids to college whatever it takes, even if that means a huge amount of debt.”

Financial aid administrators have been having a hard time as many companies decide that student loans are not profitable enough and have stopped making them. The good news, however, is that federal loans account for about three quarters of student borrowing, and the government says that money will flow uninterrupted.

小题1:

According to Paragraph 1, why did the plan of Jacobs family fail?

A．The twins wasted too much money.

B．The father was out of work.

C．Their saving ran out.

D．The family fell apart.小题2:

How did the Jacobs manage to solve their problem?

A．They asked their kids to come home.

B．They borrowed $20,000 from the school.

C．They encouraged their twin sons to do part-time jobs.

D．They got help from the school and the federal government.小题3:

Financial aid administrators believe that _______.

A．more families will face the same problem as the Jacobses

B．the government will receive more letters of complaint

C．college tuition fees will double soon

D．America’s unemployment will fall小题4:

What can we learn about the middle class families from the text?

A．They blamed the government for the tuition increase.

B．Their income remained steady in the last decade.

C．They will try their best to send kids to college.

D．Their debts will be paid off within 25 years.小题5:

According to the last paragraph, the government will      .

A．provide most students will scholarships

B．dismiss some financial aid administrators

C．stop the companies from making student loans

D．go on providing financial support for college students

关于短期总供给曲线，下列描述错误的是（）。

A.税率是固定的，但政府支出是变化的

B.政府支出是固定的，但是税率是变化的

C.政府支出和税率都是变化的

D.政府支出和税率都是固定的

所谓的买卖集中就是在一定的市场作用范围内，尽可能将买卖进行集中的作用力，我们称其为（）。

A.买卖集中原理

B.买卖几种第一原理

C.买卖集中第二原理

D.买卖集中第三原理

1787年《联邦宪法》确立了一个联邦制，它既避免了各州独立的一盘散沙，又避免了中央集权的弊害，既把各州团结成为一个国家，又保障了地方的一定程度的自治地位，这样就可以发挥地方的积极性。材料表明联邦制的确立调和了：（）

A.大小州之间的矛盾

B.南北之间的矛盾

C.中央集权派与地方自治派之间的矛盾

D.国会两院之间的矛盾