结构层弯拉应力

材料　县设六十议员，是谓县议员；府设六十议员，是谓府议员；省设六十议员，是谓省议员。县议员于秀才中选择其人，公举者平民主之……府议员于举人中选择其人，公举者秀才主之……省议员于进士中选择其人，公举者举人主之……公举法：凡男子二十岁以上，除喑哑盲聋以及残疾者外，其人能读书明理者，则予以公举之权……兴革之事，官有所欲为，则谋之于议员，议员有所欲为，亦谋之于官，皆以叙议之法为之，官与议员意合，然后定其从违也。从违既定，乃由县详府；府议员意合，则由府详省；省议员意合，则详于君；君意合，则书名颁行；意不合，则令其再议。若事有不能衷于一是者，则视议员中可之者否之者之人数多寡，而以人多者为是，所谓从众也。推之，凡军国大政，其权虽出于君上，而度支转饷，其议先询诸庶民，是真为政者矣。

——何启、胡礼垣《新政论议》(1895年)

请回答：

(1)概括指出材料中民主设计方案的主要原则。(12分)

(2)根据材料并结合所学知识，简析该方案在中国近代民主进程中的意义。(8分)

下图表示探究种子萌发环境条件的实验装置，每个烧杯均放有等量的干燥种子（10粒），并提供相应环境条件。

（1）每个烧杯放入10粒种子而不是1粒种子，其目的是减少实验的__________。

（2）C装置水较多且在水面上有油层，其作用是________________。

（3）如果只探究光照对种子萌发有影响，应选择装置____和_____进行观察；如果要探究水分对种子萌发的影响，应选择装置____和_____进行观察。

（4）请预测七天之后种子会萌发的是装置是_________

（5）种子萌发除了需要满足自身条件之外，还应该满足的外界条件是___________、___________和______________。

阅读表达。

     阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到相应的位置上。

     [1] Ashley Power's mother bought a computer for her when she was eight. When she was thirteen,

she was surfing the Internet regularly, but she couldn't find anywhere for teenagers to meet and talk. And

one day she thought, "If I had my own website, I'd make it a really interesting site for teenagers."

     [2]So, when Ashley was sixteen, she launched her own website, called Goosehead. She had no idea

how big a success it would be, but three years later, the site was the most successful teen site in the USA! It was getting 100,000 hits every day, and Ashley had about 30 employees.

     [3] After a few years, the website closed down. Then Ashley, who lives in Los Angeles, was asked

to write a book called The Goosehead Guide to Life. The book is about how to design a website and

start a business. It begins with a section called "All About Ashley," where Ashley tells readers what it is

like to be the boss of a company when you are only sixteen. " I was so happy. But it was crazy in a lot

of ways. I got very stressed. I mean, I was only sixteen - I didn't even have a car! If you were sixteen

and you had your own company, you'd be stressed, too!"

     [4] In an interview Ashley gave advice to teenagers who wanted to start their own business, "Just be

strong and have your dreams and work hard at them. And don't listen when _______, because I

heard 'no' a lot. Just keep going until you hear 'yes'!"

1. For what purpose did Ashley create GooseHead?(no more than 10 words)  

_________________________________________________________________________

2. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? (no more than 6 words)

_________________________________________________________________________

3. According to paragraph 3, what did Ashley do after GooseHead closed down?(no more than 10 words)

________________________________________________________________________

4. How did Ashley feel as a young boss of a company?(no more than 5 words)

________________________________________________________________________

5. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words.

________________________________________________________________________

茄克衫制作的重点和难点是装拉链、装领、装袖克夫。