2011年世界环境日世界主题是：（）A、多样的物种，唯一的地球，共同的未来 B、地球

阅读下文，完成18—21题。

远去了，母亲放飞的手

刘心武

从1950年到1959年，我8岁到17岁。家里平时就我和母亲两人。回忆那10年的生活，母亲在物质上和精神上对我的哺育，都是非同寻常的。

物质上，母亲自己极不重视穿着，对我亦然，有得穿就行了；用的，如家具，也十分粗陋。但在吃上，那可就非同小可了，母亲做得一手极地道的四川菜，且不说她能独自做出一桌宴席，令父亲的那些见过大世面的朋友交口称誉，就是她平日不停歇地轮番制作的四川腊肠、腊肉等，也足以叫邻居们啧啧称奇。有人就对我发出警告：“你将来离开了家，看你怎么吃得惯啊！”但是母亲几乎不给我买糖果之类的零食，偶尔看见我吃果丹皮、关东糖之类的零食，她总是要数落我一顿。母亲坚信，一个人只要吃好三顿正经饭，便可健康长寿，并且那话里话外，似乎还传递着这样的信念：人只有吃“正经饭”才行得正，吃零嘴意味着道德开始滑落——当然很多年后，我才能将所意会到的，整理为这样的文句。

母亲在饮食上如此令邻居们吃惊，被一致地指认为对我的“娇惯”和“溺爱”。但跟着还有令邻居们吃惊的是，我家是大院中有名的邮件大户。如果那几十种报刊都是我父亲订的，当然也不稀奇，但我父亲其实只订了一份《人民日报》，其余的竟都是为我订的。就有邻居大妈不解地问我母亲：“你怎么那么舍得为儿子花钱啊！你看你，自己穿得这么破旧，家里连套沙发椅也不置！”母亲回答得很坦然：“他喜欢啊！这个爱好，尽着他吧！”

1959年，我被师范专科学校录取，勉勉强强地报了到。我感到“不幸中的万幸”是，这所学校就在市内，因此我深得还可以大体上保持和上高中差不多的生活方式——晚上回家吃饭和睡觉。我满以为，母亲会纵容我“依然故我”地那样生活。但是她却给我准备了铺盖卷和箱子，显示出她丝毫没有犹豫过。母亲不仅把我“推”到了学校，而且，也不再为我负担那些报刊的订费，我只能充分地利用学校的阅览室和图书馆。

1960年春天，有一个星期六我回到家中，进门就发出情况异常，仿佛在准备搬家似的……果不其然，父亲奉命调到张家口一所军事院校去任教，母亲也随他去。我呢？父亲和母亲都丝毫没有犹豫地认为，我应当留在北京。问题在于：北京的这个家，要不要给我留下？如果说几间屋都留下太多，那么，为什么不至少为我留下一间呢？但父亲却把房子退了，母亲呢，思想感情和父亲完全一致，就是认为在这种情况下，我应当开始完全独立地生活。父亲迁离北京后的那周的星期六下午，我忽然意识到我在北京除了集体宿舍里的那张上铺铺位，再没有可以称为家的地方了！我爬上去，躺到那铺位上，呆呆地望着天花板上的一块污渍，没有流泪，却有一种透彻肺腑的痛苦，难以言说，也无人可诉。

1966年春天，我在北京一所中学任教。就在那个春天，我棉被的被套糟朽不堪了，那是母亲将我放飞时，亲手给我缝制是的被子。它在为我忠实地服务了几年后，终于到了必须更换的极限。于是我给在张家口的母亲写信要一床被套。这对于我来说是自然到极点的事。母亲很快寄来了一床新被套，但同时我也就接到了母亲的信，她那信上有几句话我觉得极为刺心：“被套也还是问我要，好吧，这一回学雷锋，做好事，为你寄上一床……”睡在换上母亲所寄来的新被套里，我有一种悲凉感：母亲给儿子寄被套，怎么成了“学雷锋，做好事”，仿佛是“义务劳动”呢？现在我才醒悟，母亲那是很认真很严肃的话，就是告诉我，既已将我放飞，像换被套这类的事，就应自己设法解决。她是在提醒我，“自己的事要尽量自己独立解决”。

母亲将我放飞以后，我离她那双给过我无数次爱抚的手是越来越远了，但她所给予我的种种人生启示，竟然直到今天，仍然能从细小处，挖掘出珍贵的宝藏来……谁言寸草心，报得三春晖！

1．（1）文章的结尾一段“母亲将我放飞以后……”其中“放飞”一词在文中的意思是什么？

（2）文中共写了几次“放飞”，请作简明概括。（5分）

2．作者认为母亲“所给予我的种种人生启示，竟然直到今天，仍然能从细小处，挖掘出珍贵的宝藏来”，请结合全文，谈谈母亲给予了“我”哪些人生启示。（5分）

3．（1）“他喜欢啊！这个爱好，尽着他吧！”这句话在文中的意思是什么？

（2）母亲注重孩子的饮食，对衣着和家中摆设却毫不讲究，却给孩子订“几十种报刊”，你能从中悟出母亲的“育子”之道吗？（4分）

答：（1）

（2）

4．下列理解不符合文意的两项是（4分）（）

A．这是一篇回忆性的散文，作家刘心武主要通过回忆生活中母亲对自己的种种关心和照顾，表现了母亲对儿子的浓浓的舐犊深情。

B．文中的母亲在对待孩子的问题上有独到之处，她不是把孩子紧紧护在自己的羽翼之下，而是将孩子“放飞”，只有敢于“放飞”，孩子将来才会真正有出息。

C．对于母亲给予的爱，作者并不是当时就理解的，而是在经历过种种的人生体验之后，才能领悟到这种高层次的母爱。

D．作者写自己被母亲“放飞”后的种种痛苦感受，描绘了自己心灵成长的艰辛，目的是告诉我们，真正的母爱，就是能为子女作长远打算的爱。E．本文文字朴实无华，虽然没有用华丽的辞藻来歌颂母亲，却能使读者从字里行间感受到母子之间那种浓郁的深情。

为加快血清分离的速度，应使用含有什么成分的真空采血管（）。
为更好的分离血清，应使用含有什么成分的真空采血管（）。
需要使用全血检测的标本，应使用含有什么成分的真空采血管（）。

A.抗凝剂

B.促凝剂

C.防腐剂

D.溶血剂

E.分离胶

一个地区的人口自然增长率由______和______决定．

“This is a really exciting time — a new era is starting,” says Peter Bazalgette, the chief creative officer of Endemol. He is referring to the upsurge of interest in mobile television, a nascent industry at the intersection of telecoms and media which offers new opportunities to device-makers, content producers and mobile-network operators. And he is far from alone in his enthusiasm.

Already, many mobile operators offer a selection of television channels or individual shows, which are “streamed” across their third-generation (3G) networks. 41. ______.

Meanwhile, Apple Computer, which launched a video-capable version of its iPod portable music-player in October, is striking deals with television networks to expand the range of shows that can be purchased for viewing on the device, including “Lost”, “Desperate Housewives” and “Law ＆ Order”.

42. ______. For a start, nobody really knows if consumers will pay for it, though surveys suggest they like the idea. Informa, a consultancy, says there will be 125m mobile-TV users by 2010. But many other mobile technologies inspired high hopes and then failed to live up to expectations. And even if people do want TV on the move, there is further uncertainty in two areas: technology and business models.

At the moment, mobile TV is mostly streamed over 3G networks. But sending an individual data stream to each viewer is inefficient and will be unsustainable in the long run if mobile TV takes off. 43. ______.

44. ______. That suggests that some shows (such as drama) better suit the download model, while others (such as live news, sports or reality shows) are better suited to real-time transmission. The two approaches will probably co-exist.

Just as there are several competing mobile-TV technologies, there are also many possible business models. Mobile operators might choose to build their own mobile-TV broadcast networks; or they could form a consortium and build a shared network; or existing broadcasters could build such networks.

The big question is whether the broadcasters and mobile operators can agree how to divide the spoils, assuming there are any. Broadcasters own the content, but mobile operators generally control the handsets, and they do not always see eye to eye. 45.

Then there is the question of who will fund the production of mobile-TV content: broadcasters, operators or advertisers Again, the answer is probably “all of the above”.

[A] So the general consensus is that 3G streaming is a prelude to the construction of dedicated mobile-TV broadcast networks, which transmit digital TV signals on entirely different frequencies to those used for voice and data. There are three main standards: DVB-H, favoured in Europe; DMB, which has been adopted in South Korea and Japan; and MediaFLO, which is being rolled out in America. Watching TV using any of these technologies requires a TV-capable handset, of course.

[B] In contrast, watching downloaded TV programmes on an iPod or other portable video player is already possible today. And unlike a programme streamed over 3G or broadcast via a dedicated mobile-TV network, shows stored on an iPod can be watched on. an underground train or in regions with patchy network coverage.

[C] In South Korea, television is also sent to mobile phones via satellite and terrestrial broadcast networks, which is far more efficient than sending video across mobile networks. In Europe, the Italian arm of 3, a mobile operator, recently acquired Channel 7, a television channel, with a view to launching mobile-TV broadcasts in Italy in the second half of 2006.

[D] Despite all this activity, however, the prospects for mobile TV are unclear.

[E] Assuming the technology and the business models can be sorted out, there is still the tricky matter of content.

[F] In South Korea, a consortium of broadcasters launched a free-to-air DMB network last month, but the country’s mobile operators were reluctant to provide their users with handsets able to receive the broadcasts, since they were unwilling to undermine the prospects for their own subscription-based mobile-TV services.

[G] The potential for mobile TV is vast, in short — but so is the degree of uncertainty over how it should actually be put into practice.

44（）

女，65岁，右膝疼痛反复十余年。畏寒，伴腰膝酸软，右膝外翻畸形，活动受限，纳少，便溏，夜尿多，舌淡白，脉沉弱。

本病为膝关节骨性关节炎何证型？（）

A.风寒湿痹

B.风湿热痹

C.气血亏虚

D.脾肾阳虚

E.肝肾阴虚