民族共同语是在（）形成的。一个国家的国语是选择一种主体民族语言作为基础形成的。

美国法律规定，不论是驾驶员还是乘客，坐在行驶的小汽车中必须系好安全带。有人对此持反对意见。他们的理由是，每个人都有权冒自己愿意承担的风险，只要这种风险不会给别人带来损害。因此，坐在汽车里系不系安全带，纯粹是个人的私事，正如有人愿意承担风险去炒股，有人愿意承担风险去攀岩纯属他个人的私事一样。
以下哪项，如果为真，最能对上述反对意见提出质疑

A．尽管确实为了保护每个乘客自己，而并非为了防备伤害他人，但所有航空公司仍然要求每个乘客在飞机起飞和降落时系好安全带。

B．汽车保险费近年来连续上涨，原因之一是由于不系安全带造成的伤亡使得汽车保险赔偿费连年上涨。

C．在实施了强制要求系安全带的法律以后，美国的汽车交通事故死亡率明显下降。

D．法律的实施带有强制性，不管它的反对意见看来多么有理。

E．炒股或攀岩之类的风险是有价值的风险，不系安全带的风险是无谓的风险。

下列关于合金的说法正确的是（　　）

A．合金不属于金属材料

B．合金的硬度一般比各成分金属大

C．合金属于金属单质

D．多数合金的熔点高于组成它的成分金属

阅读理解。

     Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they're always coming in for (getting) criticism.

Their critics seem to resent(对...不满) them because they have a gift for self-promotion and because

they have so much money to throw around. 'It's unjust,' they say, 'that this entirely unproductive industry

(if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit

the big companies are making. Why don't they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods?

After all, it's the consumer who pays…'

     The poor old consumer! He'd have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn't create mass markets

for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we

get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important

function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods comes largely from

the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence

of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely

you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement.

     Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted.

It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think

what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing

at a blank wall or reading railway byelaws(内部规则) while waiting for a train? Would you like to read

only closely printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such

a difference to a dull wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration(定量) of disasters.

     We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist (survive) without this source of revenue.

The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programmes is due

entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its

full price!

     Another thing we mustn't forget is the 'small ads.' which are in virtually every newspaper and

magazine.  What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything

can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house,

announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the 'hatch(giving birth), match and

dispatch' column but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or 'agony' column(读者来信

专栏). No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight

into human nature. It's the best advertisement for advertising there is!

1. What is main idea of this passage?

A. Advertisement.   B. The benefits of advertisement.

C. Advertisers perform a useful service to communities.

D. The costs of advertisement.

2. The attitude of the author toward advertisers is             

A. appreciative.

B. trustworthy.

C.critical.

D. dissatisfactory.

3. Why do the critics criticize advertisers?

A. Because advertisers often brag(自夸).

B. Because critics think advertisement is a "waste of money".

C. Because customers are encouraged to buy more than necessary.

D. Because customers pay more.

4. Which of the following is Not True?

A. Advertisement makes contribution to our pockets and we may know everything.

B. We can buy what we want.

C. Good quality products don't need to be advertised.

D. Advertisement makes our life colorful.

5. The passage is           .

A. Narration(记叙文).

B. Description.

C. Criticism.

D. Argumentation.

停电时，应立即关闭离心泵出口阀，以免倒流。

“立嫡以长不以贤，立子以贵不以长”，西周确立的这种制度能在其后约3000年间被尊为正统定制，其主要原因是（）

A.保证了周天子在政治上的垄断和特权地位

B.保证了王权的稳定和统治集团的稳定团结

C.有利于统治阶级选拔优秀人才

D.有利于王位在一家一姓中传承