电力生产作业人员的教育和培训有什么要求？

主机及发电机组柴油机或锅炉用的燃油，其闪点（闭杯试验）一般应不低于（）℃。

（12分）材料一 2011年11月23日，央视报道说，“国家相关部门已经确定将在民用领域，实行阶梯电价与阶梯气价改革。”这意味着：居民阶梯电价征求意见一年之后，有望付诸实践。

材料二 长期以来，我国居民用电价格低于供电成本。为了促进资源节约和环境友好型社会建设，引导居民合理用电、节约用电，兼顾不同收入居民的承受能力，2010年10月9日，国家发改委就《关于居民生活用电实行阶梯电价的指导意见（征求意见稿）》向社会公开征求意见。大家踊跃参与，积极建言献策，对《意见稿》提出了许多宝贵的意见和建议。截至10月21日中午12点本次征求意见活动结束时，通过网络、传真、信件等方式共收到各类意见21794条。其中60％表态“支持阶梯电价机制和改革方向”。

（1）结合材料，运用《经济生活》相关知识，说明实行阶梯电价对生活的影响。（6分）

（2）运用“民主决策”相关知识，指出政府“就实行阶梯电价广泛征求社会各界意见”所采用的方式并说明其意义。（6分）

In most parts of the world, climate change is a worrying subject. Not so in California. At a recent gathering of green luminaries--in a film star’s house, naturally, for that is how seriousness is often established in Los Angeles--the dominant note was self-satisfaction at what the state has already achieved. And perhaps nobody is more complacent than Arnold Schwarzenegger. Unlike A1 Gore, a presidential candidate turned prophet of environmental doom, California’s governor sounds cheerful when talking about climate change. As well he might: it has made his political career.

Although California has long been an environmentally-conscious state, until recently greens were concerned above all with smog and redwood trees. "Coast of Dreams", Kevin Starr’s authoritative history of contemporary California, published in 2004, does not mention climate change. In that year, though, the newly-elected Mr. Schwarzenegger made his first tentative call for western states to seek alternatives to fossil fuels. Gradually he noticed that his efforts to tackle climate change met with less resistance, and more acclaim, than just about all his other policies. These days it can seem as though he works on nothing else.

Mr. Schwarzenegger’s transformation from screen warrior to eco-warrior was completed last year when he signed a bill imposing legally-enforceable limits on greenhouse--gas emissions--a first for America. Thanks mostly to its lack of coal and heavy industry, California is a relatively clean state. If it were a country it would be the world’s eighth- biggest economy, but only its 16th-biggest polluter. Its big problem is transport--meaning, mostly, cars and trucks, which account for more than 40% of its greenhouse-gas emissions compared with 32% in America as a whole. The state wants to ratchet down emissions limits on new vehicles, beginning in 2009. Mr. Schwarzenegger has also ordered that, by 2020, vehicle fuel must produce 10% less carbon: in the production as well as the burning, so a simple switch to corn-based ethanol is probably out.

Thanks in part to California’s example, most of the western states have adopted climate action plans. When it comes to setting emission targets, the scene can resemble a posedown at a Mr. Olympia contest. Arizona’s climate-change scholars decided to set a target of cutting the state’s emissions to 2000 levels by 2020. But Janet Napolitano, the governor, was determined not to be out-muscled by California. She has declared that Arizona will try to return to 2000 emission levels by 2012.

California has not just inspired other states; it has created a vanguard that ought to be able to prod the federal government into per national standards than it would otherwise consider. But California is finding it easier to export its policies than to put them into practice at home. In one way, California’s self-confidence is fully justified. It has done more than any other state--let alone the federal government--to fix America’s attention on climate change. It has also made it seem as though the problem can be solved. Which is why failure would be such bad news. At the moment California is a beacon to other states. If it fails, it will become an excuse for inaction.

It can be inferred from the text that（）

A. California needs further actions to inspire other states

B. California has set a perfect model for other states to follow

C. California will become an excuse for inaction for other states

D. California might find it difficult to execute its own policies

下列选项不属于以美国为代表的市场经济模式特点的是（）

A.私人经济占绝对主导地位

B.市场自发调节作用很大，国家干预较少

C.劳动力市场的自由开放程度高、流动大

D.私人资本较为分散，竞争力强