高速公路土方路基压实度是怎样要求的？

小马发现金属图钉的光亮表面可以看成是一种称作凸面镜的光学镜子，于是他对凸面镜探究如下：

（1）他用多支激光手电筒正对着一只凸面镜照射时，情况如图所示，可见凸面镜对光线有 _____（填“会聚”或“发散”）作用。

（2）小马设计如下方案研究凸面镜成的像：

①器材；透明弧形（球冠形）玻璃、光屏、长短不同的多支蜡烛、光具座．

②步骤：在光具座上，在透明弧形玻璃前某位置放一支点燃的蜡烛，先用光屏进行像的承接；然后再选择另一支与这个像长短 _____ 的蜡烛，放在玻璃后面，与像的位置 _____ ．改变蜡烛的位置做多次实验。

③实验记录如下：

（3）小马得出结论：凸面镜只能成_____、_____的_____像。

（4）日常生活中能看到的凸面镜有：金属图钉面、_____。凸面镜的主要优点是：相同面积的凸面镜比平面镜观察到的范围_____。

哮喘发作时的并发症，下列最常见的是（）

A.支气管扩张

B.间质性肺炎

C.气胸、肺不张

D.肺纤维化

E.胸膜肥厚

The question of what children learn, and how they should learn, is continually being debated and redebated. Nobody dares any longer to defend the old system, the learning of lessons parrot-fashion, the grammar-with-a-whip system, which was good enough for our grandparents. The theories of modem psychology have stepped in to argue that we must understand the need of children. Children are not just small adults; they are children who must be respected as much.

Well, you may say, this is as it should be, a good idea. But think further. What happens? "Education" becomes the responsibility not of teachers, but of psychologists (心里学家). What happens then? Teachers worry too much about the psychological implications (暗示) of their lessons, and forget about the subjects themselves. If a child dislikes a lesson, the teacher feels that it is his fault, not the child’s. So teachers worry whether history is "relevant" to modern young children. And do they dare to recount stories about violence? Or will this make the children themselves violent? Can they tell their classes about children of different races, or will this encourage racial hatred? Why teach children to write grammatical sentences? Verbal expression is better. Sums? Arithmetic? No: Real-life mathematical situations are more understandable.

You see, you can go too far. Influenced by educational theorists, who have nothing better to do than to write books about their ideas, teachers leave their teacher-training colleges filled with grand, psychological ideas about children and their needs. They make elaborate, sophisticated (精致的，复杂的) preparations and try out their "modem methods" on the long-suffering children. Since one "modem method" rapidly replaces another the poor kids will have had a good bellyful by the time they leave school. Frequently the modem methods are so sophisticated that they fail to be understood by the teachers, let alone the children; even more often, the relaxed discipline so essential for the " informal" feelings the class must have, prevents all but a handful of children from learning anything.

8. People do not dare defend the old system mainly because under the old system________.

A. too much grammar was taught to children     B. children were spoiled (宠坏)

C. children were treated as grown-ups          D. children were made to learn passively(被动的)

9. What view do the modem psychologists hold?

A. Children must be understood and respected.

B. Children are small adults and know what they need.

C. Children are better off without learning lessons.

D. Education of children is the responsibility of psychologists.

10. What happens when teachers pay too much attention to the psychology of their lessons?

A. They find that the children dislike the lessons.

B. They tend to blame students for their failure.

C. They do not pay enough attention to the actual lessons.

D. They no longer want to teach children history.

11. Grammatical sentences are regarded as unimportant because ________.

A. it is better to use verbs only

B. words are said out of natural feelings only

C. talking freely and naturally without sentences is a better form of expression

D. it is felt that formal grammar rules might cause unnatural expressions

12. According to the passage, the modern methods are understood by ________.

A. neither teachers nor pupils      B. only a handful of teachers and pupils

C. the more sophisticated teachers  D. everyone who enjoys the relaxed discipline of the informal classes

患者，戴全口义齿咬合时，上下前牙呈水平开5mm，上下后牙呈尖对尖状态，上下中线未对齐，面下1/3增高。

最常见的原因是（）

A.确定颌位关系时后牙咬合力量大于前牙

B.确定颌位关系时前牙咬合力量大于后牙

C.确定颌位关系时下颌做了前伸动作

D.确定颌位关系时下颌处于后退位

E.装盒、填胶时人工牙移位