尿渗透压改变可反映哪种肾功能减退 A．肾脏浓缩和稀释功能减退 B．肾小管滤过功能减退

患者，男，50岁，因膀胱全切，回肠代膀胱术后20天，畏寒、发热6小时入院。患者20天前因膀胱癌行膀胱全切，回肠代膀胱术。1天前拔除双侧输尿管支架管后3小时出现全身不适，恶心，呕吐，高热40℃，后逐渐神志不清，躁动，低血压，少尿，遂收入SICU治疗。既往：18年前因车祸致脑部受伤（具体不详），后恢复。入SICU后测中心静脉压5mmHg，有创血压99/53mmHg，心率126次/分，血气pH7.52，PaCO₂17.7mmHg，PaO₂84.4mmHg，HCO^-₃14.2mmo/L，BE-5.5mmol/L，血糖10mmol/L。查体：双侧瞳孔等大等圆，对光反射敏感。颈静脉无充盈，双肺呼吸音清，心律齐，各瓣膜听诊区未闻及心脏杂音，双下肢不肿，双侧巴氏征阴性。血常规：WBC18.4×10⁹/L，N91%，Hb11g/L，Plt80×10⁹/L。

下列哪项治疗措施是不正确的？（）

A.监测CVP基础上积极扩容

B.给予多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素等血管活性药物

C.使用广谱强效抗生素

D.如果患者依赖血管活性药物，可应用小剂量糖皮质激素

E.积极输血

发散性思维是一种从不同的方向、途径和角度去设想、探索多种答案，最终使问题获得圆满解决的思维方法。以下属于发散性思维的一项是：

A．司马光见到小朋友落入水缸，当“救人离水”行不通时，果断地砸破水缸，“让水离人”救了小朋友

B．病人因胸痛来门诊检查，医生根据经验考虑可能是气胸、肺炎、心绞痛等，经各项检查，确诊为肺炎

C．根据草莓比香蕉贵，香蕉比苹果贵，苹果比桔子贵，因此得出草莓比桔子贵

D．画家在艺术创作的时候，事先要在脑海中将自己想要呈现的主题、构图和色彩进行安排，呈现出一幅草图

下图一是元素周期表中某元素的部分信息。下列说法错误的是(    )                        

A．该元素的离子结构示意图为图二

B．该元素原子核内有17个质子

C．该元素的相对原子质量为35.45g

D．该元素为非金属元素

阅读理解。

     Would you like to be a king or queen? To have people waiting on you hand and foot? Many

Americans experience this royal treatment every day. How? By being customers. The American idea of

customer service is to make each customer the center of attention. Need proof? Just listen to the

commercials. Most of them sound like the McDonald's ad: "We do it all for you." Actually, not all stores

in America roll out the red carpet for their customers. But wherever you go, good customer service

means making customers feel special.

     People going shopping in America can expect to be treated with respect from the very beginning.

Most places don't have a "furniture street" or a "computer road" which allow you to compare prices

easily. Instead, people often "let their fingers do the walking" through the store hot lines. From the first

"hello", customers receive a satisfying response to their questions. This initial contact can help them

decide where to shop.

     When customers get to the store, they are treated as honored guests. Customers don't usually find

store clerks sitting around watching TV or playing cards. Instead, the clerks greet them warmly and offer

to help them find what they want. In most stores, the clear signs that label each department make

shopping a breeze. Customers usually don't have to ask how much items cost, since prices are clearly

marked. And unless they're at a flea market or a yard sale, they don't bother trying to bargain.

     When customers are ready to check out, they find the nearest and shortest checkout lane. But as

Murphy's Law would have it, whichever lane they get in, all the other lanes will move faster. Good stores

open new checkout lanes when the lanes get too long. Some even offer express lanes for customers with

10 items or less. After they pay for their purchases, customers receive a smile and a warm "thank you"

from the clerk. Many stores even allow customers to take their shopping carts out to the parking lot.

That way, they don't have to carry heavy bags out to the car.

1. By quoting (引用) the McDonald's ad: "We do it all for you", the author intends to_______.

A. suggest that customers believe what commercials say deeply

B. show readers the American idea on good customer service

C. express all the stores pay much attention to the customers

D. persuade readers to choose the stores with ads correctly

2. In the USA, what may you do at first if you want to do some shopping?

A. To visit a professional street with lots of similar stores.

B. To compare prices in many shops in the same street.

C. To make phone calls and get better shopping choices.

D. To receive other customers' answers to the questions.

3. Which of the followings shows American stores offer convenience to customers in this passage?

A. The store clerks don't usually sit around watching TV or playing cards.

B. Some stores offer price bargain to the customers like a yard sale.

C. The clerks give customers a smile and a warm "thank you" after paying.

D. Some stores open new checkout lanes when the lanes are crowded.

4. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?

A. Customer Service in America

B. Excellent Stores in America

C. Shopping Rules in America

D. Being King or Queen in America

水泵有时突然停止运转，逆止阀可以防止高压水冲击水泵。