试题与答案

数据库系统其内部分为三级模式,即概念模式、内模式和外模式。其中,是用户的数据视图,也

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题目:

数据库系统其内部分为三级模式,即概念模式、内模式和外模式。其中,是用户的数据视图,也就是用户所见到的数据模式。

答案:

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题型:阅读理解

Twenty–six years after a terrible bicycle accident which left her in a coma(昏迷) for two months and with permanent brain injuries, Barbara Buchan performs many actions more slowly than others. But on September 10 in Beijing, Buchan, at 52, the oldest member of the United States Paralympic team, broke the record and won the gold medal for her disability class in the individual 3,000–meter cycling pursuit.

“You can be very upset at the world and have everyone take care of you.” Buchan said by telephone from Beijing, “or get back on your feet again.”

Buchan first dreamed of Olympic gold at age 15 while watching the 1972 Munich Games. She became a top American cyclist by July 1982, when a terrible road–race crash injured her brain and left doctors doubtful about whether she would survive. She was wearing only a soft leather helmet at the time; her accident made the rule put into practice that cyclists wear the hard–shell helmets that are now common.

Buchan recovered enough of her athletic ability to run track in the 1988 Paralympics in Seoul, where she won a silver medal in the 800 meters. Women’s cycling was not included in the Paralympics yet, so Buchan trained to the point where she raced against men in the 2000 Paralympics in Sydney, Australia-she finished 9th and 10th in two races-and then successfully fought for a separate women’s cycling program beginning in 2004 in Athens, where she did not get a medal.

Even though she was approaching her 50s, Buchan kept racing and again made the United States Paralympic team for Beijing-where she is twice the age of most of her teammates and competitors.

“Barbara’s almost the leader of our team-she’s been through it all,” said Craig Griffin, the United States cycling coach. “She’s never tired. She’s never let her body go and then come back. I don’t think age is as big of a deal as people make it out to be.”

64. According to the text, after the accident,         .

A.Buchan asked her friends to take care of her

B.cyclists started to wear helmets in competition

C.Buchan could not answer questions correctly

D.doctors doubted whether Buchan could come back to life

65. What’s the right order of the events related to Buchan?

a. She won a gold medal in Beijing.

b. She became a top American cyclist.

c. She won a silver medal in the 800 meters.

d. She suffered a terrible bicycle accident.

e. She took part in a cycling program in Athens.

A.c-d-b-a-e               B.b-c-d-a-e 

C.b-d-e-c-a         D.c-b-d-e-a

66. What does the underlined phrase “get back on your feet” in the second paragraph mean?

A.rise to your feet              B.walk on your way

C.go beyond yourself  D.depend on yourself

67. Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?

A.The Making of a Hero     B.From a Loser to a Winner

C.All Roads Lead to Rome  D.Health is Better than Wealth

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题型:单项选择题

科学人文和而不同

科学所追求的目标或所要解决的问题是研究和认识客观世界及其规律,是求真。科学是关于客观世界的知识体系、认识体系,是逻辑的、实证的、一元的,是独立于人的精神世界之外的。

人文所追求的目标或所要解决的问题是满足个人与社会需要的终极关怀,是求善。我们的活动越符合社会、国家、民族、人民的利益就越人文,就越善。所以,人文不仅是一个知识体系、认识体系,还是一个价值体系、伦理体系;因而人文不同于科学,人文往往是非逻辑的、非实证的、非一元的,是同人的精神世界密切相关的。

科学求真,但科学不能保证其本身方向正确,这既包括研究方向,也包括研究成果应用的方向。20世纪科技的高度与迅速发展,不仅给人类带来了巨大的福利,同时也产生了许多众所周知的严重的负面影响。例如,采用基因技术,将人与黑猩猩进行某种杂交,肯定会出现一种新的生物,这种新的生物是否比人更聪明、更健康这绝对是一个科学问题,但绝对不能进行,绝对比克隆人更反“应该”、反伦理、反人类。显然,科学需要人文导向,求真需要求善导向。

人文求善,但人文不能保证其本身基础正确,可能事与愿违。“应该是什么”的“应该”一定要合乎“真”。据说,过去在我国某沙漠地区进行绿化,绿化自然“应该”,然而,当时并没有弄清沙漠下面水的情况,谁知该处水不多,树种下去,开始有水,蓬勃生长,一旦此水吸尽,树全死了,比绿化前还糟,沙漠下面的水都没有了。很显然,人文需要科学奠基,求善需要求真奠基。

然而,科学与人文是共生的,是互动的;有以人文导向的科学,也有以科学奠基的人文,这就是“是什么”与“应该是什么”的“交集”。既美又真,是“交集”。不处于“交集”中的“是什么”,有两类:一类反善、反伦理,决不能做;一类虽不反善、不反伦理,但不能采取“急功近利”的实用主义的态度来对待,因为其中不少是十分基础性的研究。对不处于“交集”中的“应该是什么”,也是一样。

科学与人文,“本是同根生”,同源而立,存在着“交集”。其根、其源、其交集都在实践之中。杰出的科技大师、卓越的文艺大师,乃至出色的政治家、军事家、思想家,都会承认与尊重客观实际,提炼与抽取客观实际的本质,探索与揭示客观实际的规律。

科学与人文,既彼此密切相关,又相互明显区别,即“和而不同”。相关,表明可以互通,可以互补,区别,即相异,表明应该互动,应该互补,以求共同和谐的发展,以求有利于高素质创新人才的培养。这主要表现为:有利于形成正确的人生追求;有利于形成完备的知识基础,有利于形成和谐的个人同外界的关系;有利于形成优秀的思想品质,既有严密的逻辑思维,又有开放的形象思维,具有原始性创新能力。

没有科学的人文是残缺的人文,人文有科学的基础与科学的精神。没有人文的科学是残缺的科学,科学有人文的精神与人文的内涵。一个国家,一个民族,没有现代科学,没有先进技术,就是落后,一打就垮,痛苦地受人宰割;而没有民族传统,没有人文文化,就会异化,不打自垮,甘愿地受人奴役。科学与人文,不可缺一。

(杨叔子《新华文摘》2002年9期)

关于科学和人文的关系,下列说法不正确的一项是()。

A.科学是“是什么”,人文是“应该是什么”,二者是共生互动的,就是互相启发、互相促进

B.科学和人文都是在各自的实践中探索、揭示客观实际规律的,科学揭示自然规律,人文揭示人类社会和精神世界的规律

C.科学与人文,和而不同,就是说二者互相关联,但又有明显区别,因此能够互补,建立和谐发展的关系

D.科学与人文,缺一不可,科学有科学的基础与精髓,人文有人文的精神与内涵,否则就是残缺的,不利于个人、国家、民族的发展

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