人的正常与白化病受基因A和a控制，正常与镰刀型细胞贫血症受基因B和b控制，两对基因分

Researchers at the University of Arizona, led by Teresa Cummins, conducted an exploratory study on the online learning modules, designed to supplement hands-on classes taught by local experts and supported by an overview text, to help users increase their understanding of key concepts in the Arizona Master Watershed Steward program. They also sought to determine whether program participants would use the non-compulsory modules.

Their evaluation revealed that module users increased their understanding of key watershed concepts; participants in the evaluation demonstrated a 30 percent increase in content knowledge following module use. Additionally, 70 percent of participants retained this knowledge through a two-month follow-up test.

A follow-up survey showed that approximately half of the participants returned to the online modules on their own; several of these users returned several times and spent multiple hours per session. Comments from the follow-up survey suggested that the users accessed the site either as they had the time or as they needed the information.

Online usage statistics indicated participants continued to visit the site for many months following the modules’ release and advertisement. Though many visits were very brief (a single pageview; only a couple of seconds), visitors with many returns to the site and/or long visits appeared to be working through the modules.

One participant stated, "My brain can only hold so much information; the modules keep information on-hand." Other participants commented that the modules were "more interesting and interactive" than the text material, and a "very effective tool" and "a great resource to the Master Watershed Steward community."

The Arizona Master Watershed Steward program, sponsored by University of Arizona, prepares adults to serve as volunteers in the conservation of water resources and the protection, restoration, and monitoring of their watersheds. The modules were intended to reinforce concepts covered in classes and further engage participants in the learning process.

One key finding was that the modules were not clearly preferred by users over in-person instruction. One participant stated, "For me, they are just another avenue for learning, a supplement or additional reference. I prefer in person and real hands-on learning." Other participants similarly expressed their desire for hands-on and face-to-face interaction. Several participants noted that the usefulness of in-person lectures—was a function of the presenter.

Overall, the exploratory evaluation indicated that the modules were a welcome supplement to the course and were effective in reinforcing key concepts. Participants retained knowledge for several weeks, although since subjects were self-selected, they may have been self-motivated to pay attention and master the online module materials.

"I am constantly searching for new ways to educate our program’s diverse audiences and reinforce watershed science concepts, " says Candice Rupprecht, state coordinator for the Master Watershed Steward program. "I am excited to know that online learning modules can enhance our program by offering additional independent learning opportunities for our volunteers.

What the participants expressed in Paragraph 7 means that（）

A. users of the online modules want to learn some practical skills

B. teachers can teach program participants practical skills in classroom

C. some participants may consider learning in traditional classrooms better

D. learners prefer to select lectures by themselves on the internet

低血钠症见于（）

A.长期使用皮质激素者

B.反复使用速尿

C.慢性肾功能不全少尿期

D.肾上腺皮质功能亢进

E.肾上腺皮质功能减退

海洋垃圾

①日本“3•11”9级大地震引发强烈海啸，导致大量的房屋、汽车和各种残骸卷入太平洋，形成了一个长约111公里的“垃圾岛”。研究人员估计，这个漂浮在海上的“垃圾岛”两年内会漂至夏威夷，3年后漂到美国西岸。

②其实，在日本地震和海啸导致大量垃圾卷入海洋之前，人们生活的这个星球中的海洋上就已经漂浮着大量的海上垃圾。2007年，美国科学家发现，太平洋上漂浮着一个巨大的“太平洋垃圾岛”，其面积有两个得克萨斯州那么大。虽然后来有人认为其面积被过分夸大了，但其存在却是不争的事实。

③海洋垃圾不仅影响海洋景观，还可能威胁航行安全。但更可怕的是，会对海洋生态系统的健康产生致命的影响，进而对海洋经济产生负面效应。海洋垃圾已引起全球的高度重视，新加坡等发达国家正采取措施，尝试处理这一问题。

④由于海上垃圾大部分是塑料，所以处理海上垃圾的首选办法是焚烧发电。不过海洋垃圾的焚烧发电有几个问题需要解决。除了打捞、运输、搁置脱水外，还会遇到二恶英的排放问题。由于塑料焚烧可产生大量的二恶英，会危及环境和生态，需要有特别能控制二恶英排放的高级焚化炉。

⑤海洋垃圾的另一个处理办法是建造人工岛屿。1998年，新加坡政府在两个离岸的小岛实马高和西康之间建造了1公里长的岩石长堤，并分出了11个相互连接的海湾单元；将单元里的海水抽干，排放好一层厚厚的塑料膜；然后将垃圾灰烬倾倒在这些单元里进行密封，以防止泄漏。至于垃圾中那些不能燃烧和回收的材料，比如石棉，也被塑料密封并

掩埋在泥土中。此后，每个月都要对单元周围的海水取样检测，到现在为止，还没有发现

任何单元有泄漏和污染海水的情况。每当一个单元的垃圾填到二三米高时，就进行铺沙种草，接着继续埋置垃圾。如此反复，垃圾最高可埋置到30米。最后在上面栽种植物，不再堆放垃圾。                  （选自2011年4月20日《北京日报》，有删改。）

小题1:指出文中划线句主要运用的说明方法及作用。（2分）

太平洋上漂浮着一个巨大的“太平洋垃圾岛”，其面积有两个得克萨斯州那么大。

小题2:结合上下文，指出第⑤段划线部分的作用。（2分）

到现在为止，还没有发现任何单元有泄漏和污染海水的情况。

分泌抗体（）。

A.NK细胞

B.B细胞

C.肥大细胞

D.细胞毒性T淋巴细胞

E.浆细胞

在招标代理过程中，咨询工程师应当为招标人提供的服务不包括（）。

A．编制招标文件

B．对投标申请人进行资格审查

C．编制标底

D．依法组建评标委员会