试题与答案

某轻烧镁项目工程以菱镁矿石为原料,采用煤气型轻烧镁窑生产工艺生产轻烧镁粉。项目将新建

题型:问答题

题目:


某轻烧镁项目工程以菱镁矿石为原料,采用煤气型轻烧镁窑生产工艺生产轻烧镁粉。项目将新建20座煤气发生炉轻烧镁窑,年生产轻烧镁粉6万吨,工程总投资600万元,其中环保投资3万元。厂区占地面积约9000m2,厂区内主要设施有厂房250m2、轻烧窑650m2、仓库2000m2、配电室50m2,总建筑面积约3000m2。厂区生产系统共设置两个生产车间,即烧结车间和粉碎车间,办公室、化验室、食堂及宿舍等位于该厂南侧30m远。厂区附近无排水沟渠,废水处理达标后排入农田,用于农业灌溉。厂区内建锅炉房,燃料为燃煤,高温作业场所产生粉尘和烟尘等污染物。营运期生产过程中主要产生的烟气可能包含S02、NO2、CO、H2S、CH4等气体。
项目处于山地之间,拟建项目厂址位于山谷地带的一片荒地,当地区域气候属暖温带半湿润大陆性季风气候,春夏季多东南风,秋冬季多西北风,常年主导风向为SE、NNW,年平均风速2.4m/s;年平均气温8.3℃,冬季平均气温-6.9℃;项目拟建地点三面环山,中间为荒地,乱石、杂草丛生。西侧山坡上植被主要以人工针叶林为主,面积约200多亩;东侧山坡上植被品种较多,主要有榛材树、灌木、柞树等,其中柞树面积约480亩。距厂址500m以外分布有农田,主要种植玉米。距厂址南侧约2km的沟口处有水体,距厂址东北1km处有村庄,附近无名胜古迹等环境保护敏感目标。
[问题]

清洁生产用在本项目中如何实现

答案:

参考答案:

解析:清洁生产的基本内涵是对产品和产品的生产过程采用预防污染的策略来减少污染物的产生,促进生产、消费过程与环境相容,降低整个工业活动对人类和环境的风险。本项目的清洁生产可以以生产工艺水平和“三废”排放水平为主,贯彻清洁生产的概念。
本项目以菱镁矿石为原料,采用煤气型轻烧镁窑生产工艺生产轻烧镁粉。此类项目排放大量的粉尘和烟尘,使大气环境受到严重污染,生态环境遭到严重破坏,给当地居民生活造成严重影响。因此保证清洁生产的贯彻主要应该关注技术的革新,采用轻烧镁的先进工艺,可以避免因煤炭燃烧不完全而产生的CO及CO2、水蒸气等烟气携带大量炭黑和氧化镁粉尘排出,大大减轻了环境污染,同时还节约能源,提高了产品质量。
另外还要从生产过程中的下料、人工装卸物料及粉碎物料等工序上下功夫,避免粉尘的无组织排放源,若管理不善,对环境仍将造成污染。
在最终缓解上可以安装布袋除尘器回收粉尘,提高粉尘回收利用率,不仅可以减少粉尘的排放,避免环境污染,而且提高了资源利用率,符合清洁生产要求。同时建设单位应加强管理,提高操作人员的技术水平和清洁生产意识,提高工艺的自动化水平,降低单耗,加强除尘设施的管理和维护,提高粉尘的回收利用率,减少无组织粉尘产生及排放,确保粉尘达标排放,最大限度地减少对环境的污染,体现清洁生产宗旨。

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题型:阅读理解

Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.

Indian’s snake charmers are to be retrained as wildlife teachers under a plan to prevent their unique skills and knowledge from being lost. The charmers, who make snakes dance to the sound of flutes, used to be a traditional feature of Indian life, performing in towns and villages, until they were banned in 1972 to control the trade in snake skins.

The government is now considering a plan to train the saperas, as they are known, to visit schools and zoos to tell children about forests and wildlife. There is also a proposal to set up a “dial a snake charmer” service to help householders to deal with unwelcome intruders.

“For generations they have been a feature of Indian life but now they can’t earn a living for fear of arrest,” said Behar Dutt, a conservationist behind the plans, “if a policeman doesn’t catch them, animal rights activists report them.”

Many snake charmers have continued to work clandestinely(暗中地) since the ban, despite the threat of up to three years in jail. But their trademark cloth-covered baskets, hung from a bamboo pole carried across their shoulders, make them an easy target for police.

The fate of Shisha Nath, 56, from Badarpur, a village just outside of New Delhi, is typical of practitioners(从业者) of the dying art. “I used to earn enough to support my family and send my children to school,” he said. “Now it’s hard to earn even $1 a day. My children want to be snake charmers. It’s our identity. We love the work. But it’s become impossible.”

Next month Dutt’s project to train 30 snake charmers will begin at a snake park in Pune, western India, where experts will enrich their home-grown skills with some formal knowledge.

More than the law, though, it is the dishonest attitude of their fellow countrymen that anger many snake charmers.

“We’re disturbed all the time but when people want a snake removed from the house, they rush to us,” said Prakash Nath, who was ordered recently to the home of Sonia Gandhi, the Congress party leader.

小题1: What do snake charmers usually do in India? (no more than 8 words) (2 marks)

小题2: How long will a saperas be in prison if he is caught during the ban? (no more than 3 words) (2 marks)

 

小题3:For what purpose will snake charmers in India be retrained as wildlife teachers?(no more than 10 words) (3 marks)

 

小题4:According to the passage, what will make snake charmers angry? (no more than 11 words) (3 marks)

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