试题与答案

Britain’s undeclared general election camp

题型:单项选择题

题目:

Britain’s undeclared general election campaign has already seen the politicians trading numbers as boxers trade punches. There is nothing new in such statistical slanging matches(相互谩骂)What is new is an underestimation of worry about what has been happening to official statistics under the Labour government.

One of the most important figures for Gordon Brown when presenting his pre-election budget on March 16th was the current-budget balance. This is the gap between current revenues and current spending. It matters to the chancellor of the exchequer(财政部长) because he is committed to meeting his own "golden rule" of borrowing only to invest, so he has to ensure that the current budget is in balance or surplus over the economic cycle.

Mr. Brown told MPs that he would meet the golden rule for the current cycle with £ 6 billion ($11.4 billion) to spare—a respectable-sounding margin, though much less than in the past. However, the margin would have been halved but for an obscure technical change announced in February by the Office for National Statistics to the figures for road maintenance of major highways. The ONS said that the revision was necessary because it had been double-counting this spending within the current budget.

If this were an isolated incident, then it might be disregarded. But it is not the first time that the ONS has made decisions that appear rather convenient for the government. Mr. Brown aims to meet another fiscal rule, namely to keep public net debt below 40% of GDP, again over the economic cycle. At present he is meeting it but his comfort room would be reduced if the S 21 billion borrowings of Network Rail were included as part of public debt. They are not thanks to a controversial decision by the ONS to classify the rail-infrastructure corporation within the private sector, even though the National Audit Office, Parliament’s watchdog, said its borrowings were in fact government liabilities.

This makes it particularly worrying that the official figures can show one thing, whereas the public experiences another. One of the highest-profile targets for the NHS is that no patient should spend more than four hours in a hospital accident and emergency department. Government figures show that by mid-2004, the target was being met for 9696 of patients. But according to a survey of 55,000 patients by the Healthcare Commission, an independent body, only 77% of patients said they stayed no more than four hours in A&E.

One way to help restore public confidence in official statistics would be to make the ONS independent, as the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats have suggested. Another would be for the National Audit Office to assess how the government has been performing against targets, as the Public Administration Committee has recommended.

Gordon Brown’s major concern is()

A. whether he can deliver what he has promised

B. whether the budget is realistic over the economic cycle

C. whether his government wins the next election

D. whether the golden rule is a sound theory

答案:

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——[美]梯利《西方哲学史》

材料二“一个好争之徒在争论的时候并不在意问题的正确与否,而只是急于说服他的听众。此刻我和这种人唯一的不同仅仅是——他想使他的听众相信他所说的都是正确的,而我想说服的是我自己。……我请你们思考的是真理而不是苏格拉底。”

——苏格拉底(死前与朋友的谈话)

材料三自希腊之后西方世界一直都存在理智和精神之间的冲突,但是我们也不可能把我们自己全部交给其中一个,而将另一个从我们的意识中完全除去。每一代人都尽力将精神的真理和理智的真理协调起来,并借此使内心世界的图画适合于这变动不居的外在世界的画框……希腊人没有将外在世界抽象、淡化而专顾内心世界的呼声;他们也从来没有拒绝精神而偏爱其物化的形体。对他们来说,图画和画框是契合的……

——[美]伊迪斯·汉密尔顿《希腊精神》

根据材料三指出,古希腊人实现“图画和画框”的契合的涵义是什么?简述14世纪至19世纪上半叶西方为实现这样的“契合”而进行的思想文化领域的斗争。

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