试题与答案

某校学生社团组织以“国际政治对国际贸易的影响”为主题的讨论会,试图从历史角度探讨两者

题型:问答题 案例分析题

题目:

某校学生社团组织以“国际政治对国际贸易的影响”为主题的讨论会,试图从历史角度探讨两者的关系。

讨论问题一:古代中国和周边世界的贸易关系

古代中国处于东亚朝贡贸易体系的中心。明清时代,面对近代国际贸易的不断发展,统治者坚持把贸易归入朝贡体系,“凡贡使至,必厚待其人”,对他们携带的货物,“皆倍偿其价”。于是各国纷纷来“贡”,导致“岁时颁赐,库藏为虚”。但是,在朝贡贸易中,中国政府并不是无所要求,更不是不讲回报。而是政治动机大于经济目的,力图造成“四海宾服,八方来仪”的宏大场面。——齐涛《朝贡外交和朝贡贸易》

讨论问题二:近代中国和国家贸易

鸦片战争后,西方国家对中国的商品输出猛烈增加。中国进口的货物,第一是鸦片,第二是纺织品。1885年以后,棉纱和棉布的进口值超过鸦片进口值。中国出口商品仍然以传统的丝、茶为大宗。但是,丝、茶货值在出口总值中所占的比重逐渐下降。其中,茶叶最为明显。1886年以前,出口货物中茶叶占第一位。此后,中国茶叶在国际市场上受到印度、锡兰(今斯里兰卡)和日本茶叶的排挤,数量日减。19世纪70年代以后,中国对外贸易逐渐由顺差向逆差转变。——赵德馨《中国近现代经济史》

“讨论问题二”材料中的“鸦片战争后,西方国家对中国的商品输出猛烈增加”的原因主要有哪些?

答案:

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