简述闭合性颅脑损伤的概念

WASHINGTON — Money can buy happiness, but only if you spend it on someone else, according to researchers.

Spending as little as $5 a day on someone else could significantly boost happiness, the team at the University of British Columbia and Harvard Business School found on Thursday.

Their experiments on more than 630 Americans showed they were measurably happier when they spent money on others --- even if they thought spending the money on themselves would make them happier.

“We wanted to test our theory that how people spend their money is at least as important as how much money they earn,” said Elizabeth Dunn, a psychologist at the University of British Columbia.

They asked their 600 volunteers first to rate their general happiness, report their annual income and detail their monthly spending including bills, gifts for themselves, gifts for others and donations to charity.

“Regardless of how much income each person made, those who spent money on others reported greater happiness, while those who spent more on themselves did not,” Dunn said in a statement.

Dunn’s team also surveyed 16 employees at a company in Boston before and after they received an annual profit-sharing bonus of between $3,000 and $8,000.

“Employees who devoted more of their bonus to pro-social spending experienced greater happiness after receiving the bonus, and the manner in which they spent that bonus was a more important predictor of their happiness than the size of the bonus itself,” they wrote in their report, published in the journal Science.

“Finally, participants who were randomly (随机地) required to spend money on others experienced greater happiness than those required to spend money on themselves,” they said.

They gave their volunteers $5 or $20 and half got clear instructions on how to spend it. Those who spent the money on someone or something else reported feeling happier about it.

“These findings suggest that very minor adjustment in spending allocations (分配) --- as little as $5 --- may be enough to produce real gains in happiness on a given day,” Dunn said.

This could also explain why people are no happier even though US society is richer.

“Indeed, although real incomes have increased dramatically in recent decades, happiness levels have remained largely flat within developed countries across time,” they wrote.

小题1:

Dune’s experiment on 630 Americans was to ________.

A．help people make careful plans for their money

B．encourage people to be generous to others

C．see how to spend money is important to happiness

D．test whether $5 is enough to buy happiness小题2:

What can we conclude according to the experiment?

A．Happiness largely depends on the size of your bonus money.

B．Happiness, as a matter of fact, has nothing to do with money.

C．The more money you give away, the happier person you will be.

D．Spending money for the good of society will make you happier.小题3:

How many different ways are used by the researchers to test their theory?

A．Two.

B．Three.

C．Four.

D．Five.小题4:

The last sentence of the passage means _______.

A．happiness does not necessary increase as money grows

B．people in richer countries actually have more problems

C．fast economic growth has a bad effect on people’s life

D．great increase of income contributes to keeping happiness level stable

阅读以下图文资料，分析回答(10分)

材料一：改革开放以来，珠江三角洲地区在国家给予的优惠政策下，充分利用自身的条件，从实际出发，大力引进外资，创造了区域经济发展的珠三角模式。

材料二：随着珠江三角洲地区工业实力的不断增加，其产业结构也不断发生变化。

材料三：长三角扼据长江入海口，以上海为中心、南京和杭州为两翼，区域内经济发达、人口城市密集，高校众多，是我国最大的都市圈。目前长三角地区以占全国1％的土地和6％的人口，创造了占18％的国内生产总值，在去年的财政收入中，长三角地区的贡献份额超过了四分之一。

（1）早期的珠三角模式中，珠江三角洲地区在工业生产中主要完成的生产环节是加工，以产业为主；1990年后高新技术产业逐渐发展成为珠三角的主导产业。（2分）

（2）根据材料2，简述1980～2002年间珠江三角洲地区产业结构的变化主要特点。（3分）

（3）珠三角和长三角在发展过程中都面临能源紧张的状况，怎样解决？（2分）

（4）有一位深圳网民在网上发表了一篇《谁抛弃了深圳》的文章，文中提到一些跨国公司将驻华总部从深圳迁往上海。请你分析其中的地理原因。（3分）

配制清洁液的正确方法是（）。

A.将重铬酸钾放入自来水中，加热完全溶解冷却后慢慢加硫酸

B.先加水，加硫酸再加重铬酸钾

C.先加硫酸，加重铬酸钾再加水

D.先加重铬酸钾，加硫酸再加水

E.先加硫酸，加水再加重铬酸钾

测力不会引起被测工件和测量装置的弹性变形，但会影响测量精度。

过电压、欠电压或超负荷装置脱扣后，双燃料发电机就没有（）。