下列关于针刺补泻的叙述，哪项是错误的（） A.捻转时，右转时角度大，用力重者为泻 B

阅读下列材料：

材料一：“己所不欲，勿施于人。”     ——孔子

“民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻。”                ——孟子

“兼爱”、“非攻”。    ——墨子

“知己知彼，百战不殆。”    ——孙子

材料二：2008年5月31日上午，胡 * * 专门来到金山寺村一个简易防震棚，看望正在复习功课的孩子们。胡 * * 走到孩子们中间，代表党中央，向孩子们致以节日的祝福，并向全国广大少年和少儿工作者表示诚挚的问候。胡 * * 对孩子们说：“今天你们还只能在帐篷里学习，党和政府一定会帮助你们建设好新校舍，你们一定会有一个更好的学习环境。”胡 * * 再次祝孩子们节日快乐，并向孩子们赠送学习用品。

材料三：2008年5月12日四川汶川发生了大地震。国务院 * * 温 * * 深夜到四川都江堰的医院和中学看望了受灾群众，温 * * 向被埋在房屋下面的群众喊话：“大家再坚持一下，部队正在抢救你们，解放军要多少兵力就支持多少兵力，现在还有140人的专业队伍马上就到。”“我刚才问他们了，还有不少人有生还的希望，只要有一线希望，我们就尽百倍努力，绝不会放弃。”

请回答：

（1）材料一中体现了以人为本观点的思想家有哪几位？

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（2）百年大计，教育为本。儿童是祖国的未来。从材料二中我们可以看到党和国家对少年儿童的关怀。1986年，我国颁布了什么法律，开始有计划、有步骤地推进九年义务教育？

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（3）请你在材料三的文字中找出最能体现党和政府以人为本，把确保人民群众生命安全放在首位的一句话？

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（4）14世纪的欧洲兴起了文艺复兴运动，其核心内容就是人文主义。请举出文艺复兴运动中的一位代表人物及其作品。

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填空。

（1）《海底两万里》是___________（国家）___________的作品，他被誉为“___________”。

（2）___________国作家罗曼·罗兰的《名人传》包括了《贝多芬传》、《___________》、《___________》三部传记。其中，___________（人名）饱受耳聋折磨。

关于钠泵生理作用的描述，不正确的是（）。

A.钠泵活动使膜内钠，钾离子均匀分布

B.将钠离子移出膜外，将钾离子移入膜内

C.建立势能储备，为某些营养物质吸收创建条件

D.细胞外高钠离子可维持细胞内外正常渗透压

E.细胞内高钾离子保证许多细胞代谢反应进行

阅读下列文段，完成问题。

　　①小草偷偷地从土里钻出来，嫩嫩的，绿绿的。园子里，田野里，瞧去，一大片一大片满是的。坐着，躺着，打几个滚，踢几脚球，赛几趟跑，捉几回迷藏。风轻飘飘的，草软绵绵的。

　　②桃树、杏树、梨树，你不让我，我不让你，都开满了花赶趟儿。红的像火，粉的像霞，白的像雪。花里带着甜味儿；闭了眼，树上仿佛已经满是桃儿、杏儿、梨儿。花下成千成百的蜜蜂嗡嗡地闹着，大小的蝴蝶飞来飞去。野花遍地是：杂样儿，有名字的，没名字的，散在草丛里，像眼睛，像星星，还眨呀眨的。

　　③“吹面不寒杨柳风”，不错的，像母亲的手抚摸着你。风里带来些新翻的泥土的气息，混着青草味儿。还有各种花的香，都在微微润湿的空气里酝酿。鸟儿将巢安在繁花嫩叶当中，高兴起来了，呼朋引伴地卖弄清脆的喉咙，唱出宛转的曲子，跟清风流水应和着。牛背上牧童的短笛，这时候也成天嘹亮地响着。

　　④雨是最寻常的，一下就是三两天。可别恼。看，像牛毛，像花针，像细丝，密密地斜织着，人家屋顶上全笼着一层薄烟。树叶儿却绿地发亮，小草儿也青得逼你的眼。傍晚时候，上灯了，一点点黄晕的光，烘托出一片安静而和平的夜。在乡下，小路上，石桥边，有撑起伞慢慢走着的人，地里还有工作的农民，披着suō，dài着笠。他们的房屋，稀稀疏疏的，在雨里静默着。

1．根据第四段中的拼音，写出汉字。

suō（　　 ）　dài（　　 ）　

2．“小草偷偷地从土里钻出来”一句中，“偷偷地”“钻”的运用好在哪里？

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3．“‘吹面不寒杨柳风’，不错的，像母亲的手抚摸着你”该句采用了哪几种修辞方法？请选择其中的一种修辞方法说说使用它的好处。

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4．作者由花朵想到了果实，“闭了眼，树上仿佛已经满是桃儿、杏儿、梨儿”。那么，你由“花下成千成百的蜜蜂嗡嗡地闹着，大小的蝴蝶飞来飞去。”想到了什么？用几句话把它描写出来。

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The first two stages in the development of civilized man were probably the invention of primitive weapons and the discovery of fire, although nobody knows exactly when he acquired the use of the latter.
41) ______ Animals have a few cries that serve as signals, but even the highest apes have not been found able to pronounce words, even with the most intensive professional instruction. The superior brain of man is apparently a necessity for the mastering of speech. When man became sufficiently intelligent, we must suppose that he gradually increased the number of cries for different purposes. It was a great day when he discovered that speech could be used for narrative. There are those who think that in this respect picture language preceded oral language. A man could draw a picture on the wall of his cave to show in which direction he had gone, or what prey he hoped to catch. 42) ______
Two important stages came not so long before the dawn of written history. The first was the domestication of animals; the second was agriculture. Agriculture made possible an immense increase in the number of the human species in the regions where it could be successfully practiced. 43) ______
44) ______
These inventions and discoveries--fire, speech, weapons domestic animals, agriculture, and writing--made the existence of civilized communities possible. From about 3000 B. C. until the beginning of the Industrial Revolution less than two hundred years ago there was no technical advance comparable to these. During this long period man had time to become accustomed to his technique, and to develop the beliefs and political organizations appropriate to it. There was, of course, an immense extension in the area of civilized life. At first it had been confined to the Nile, the Euphrates, the Tigris, and the Indus, but at the end of the period in question it covered much the greatest part of the inhabitable globe. I do not mean to suggest that there was no technical progress during the time. 45) ______ (512 words)
Notes: ape 猿。pastoral nomad 田园式的游牧部落的人。the Euphrates 幼发拉底河。the Tigris底格里斯河。the Indus 印度河。in question 所谈的(在名词后作后置定语)。
[A] Probably picture language and. oral language developed side by side. I am inclined to think that language has been the most important single factor in the development of man.
[B] Another fundamental technical advance was writing, which, like spoken language, developed out of pictures, but as soon as it had reached a certain stage, it was possible to keep records and transmit information to people who were not present when the information was given.
[C] With the development of civilization, primitive people who lived in caves at that time badly needed a language, which would help them to communicate with one another.
[D] The origin of language is also obscure. No doubt it began very gradually.
[E] In fact, there was progress--there were even two inventions of very great importance, namely, gunpowder and the mariner’s compass--but neither of these can be compared in their revolutionary power to such things as speech and writing and agriculture.
[F] These were, at first, only those in which nature fertilized the soil after each harvest. Agriculture met with violent resistance from the pastoral nomads, but the agricultural way of life prevailed in the end because of the physical comforts it provided.
[G] But industry was a step in human progress to which subsequently there was nothing comparable until our own machine age.