旋启式止回阀宜安装于（）。 A.水平管道上 B.垂直管道上 C.管道交叉处 D.坡度

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　　古羌族碉楼的建筑技术是华夏文明一颗耀眼的明珠，也是世界建筑史上的奇迹。羌族碉楼被法国建筑学家称为“世界建筑明珠”“东方金字塔”。

　　羌族碉楼古称“邛笼”，是羌族人由游牧进入农耕定居后的居住形态。《后汉书·南蛮西南夷列传》云：岷江上游及附近羌族人“依山居止，累石为室，高者十余丈，为邛笼”。羌族人居住区比比皆是的碉楼，似一把把长剑直插云霄，彰显着羌族人桀骜不驯的性格和羌族人的雄风，也映出了当年的刀光剑影。在众多的羌寨中，被专家学者称为神秘的“东方古堡”的汶川县桃坪羌寨，更令人瞩目。

　　寨子呈放射状，筑有八个出口，八个出口又以整个寨子底层四通八达的甬道织成路网，联结寨内的三座碉楼。走在幽黯诡谲曲曲弯弯的甬道内，如无人指引，一时半会儿还真难走出这个 “八卦阵”。碉楼外面无门，想上碉楼必须从民宅进入。整座碉楼有一根中心柱，贯穿了一柱定天下的古羌族建筑理念，与半坡遗址中的中心柱理念相一致。碉楼内的“交通要道”是羌族独具特色的独木楼梯，楼梯自下而上呈螺旋状，每级只能容下一只脚；而羌族碉楼的窗别具特色，外小内大，呈倒斗形，这也是战争防御的需要。

　　羌族碉楼分为四角、五角、六角、八角、十二角，高者达十余丈。理县佳山寨曾有一座16层石碉，高53.9米，每层高3．3米。羌族碉楼上的石块看似信手砌成，其实砌筑每一块石材，使用每一抹黄泥，都是有严格要求的。碉楼从外形看为一个梭台形，从每条轴线看整面墙为梯形。羌族碉楼角线准确笔直，似木匠弹的墨线，墙表面光滑平整，无以立足。而且，古羌人在修筑碉楼时将基础深挖到岩层处，加强了基脚的稳固性。将墙体修筑成梭形，形成多个支撑点，起到了较好的抗震作用。这说明早在2000多年前，古羌人就已掌握了先进、熟练的建筑技术。这些体现羌族传统和文化特色的建筑，连石头缝里都渗透出沧桑云烟，它们是羌族历史的见证者。

　　羌族由于特殊的民族史、特殊的生活变迁、居住环境以及受生产、生活方式等的制约，长期以来形成了一种特殊的民族信仰和生活理念。他们推崇自然崇拜和祖先崇拜，信奉以天地日月、山川树石为神的原始崇拜和“万物有灵”的多神信仰。而白石崇拜是羌族人的信仰象征。走进羌寨，可以看到各家各户的房顶上都有白石英石，那是羌族人敬奉的白石神。现在，还有不少羌族人外出时身带小白石，佩带“火镰刀”，用棉花草击石取火，这个古习俗一直传承了几千年。羌族人喜爱歌舞，夜幕降临，篝火熊熊，羌家人围着咂酒，载歌载舞，往往是“一夜羌歌舞婆娑，不知红日已瞳瞳”。

1．以下分析不能体现羌族碉楼外观布局和内部特色的一项是（     ）

A．居住区内比比皆是的碉楼，彰显着羌族人桀骜不驯的性格和雄风。

B．碉楼外面没有门，只能从民宅进入；窗户也是外小内大，呈倒斗型。

C．上下碉楼的通道是呈螺旋状的、只能容纳一只脚的独木楼梯。

D．羌族碉楼的外形为梭台：形，分为四角、五角等，高者能达十余丈。

2．下面对羌族碉楼建筑技术和水平的解说不正确的一项是（     ）

A．碉楼上的石头和黄泥的使用，都有严格要求，以便使房屋坚固和耐用。

B．碉楼在建造时，角线准确笔直，墙体表面光滑平整，难以攀爬。

C．碉楼在修筑时，将地基深挖到出现岩层处，为的是基脚的经久牢固。

D．碉楼的墙体修筑成梭形，形成多个支撑点，能够完全避免地震的损害。

3．下列说法符合文意的一项是（     ）

A．代表羌族人先进又熟练的建筑技术的碉楼被专家学者称为神秘的“东方古堡”。

B．出现在汉代的这些碉楼是古代羌族人生活落后和民族心理相对自我封闭的象征。

C．羌族碉楼是古代羌族人由游牧生活进入农耕定居生活后的居住形态。

D．羌寨各家房顶上的白石英石是羌族人最重要的也是唯一的信仰白石神的标志。

C

Reading about history is nice, but finding ties to long-ago historical events in your own backyard is really exciting．

In their heavily populated area, neighbors Adam Giles,13, and Derek Hann．12, uncovered pieces of glass that looked quite different from what’s used today．“After digging about two feet down, I came across an interesting bottle,” Derek said．The bottle had a “pontil scar” on the bottle, an indication that it was hand-blown rather than machine made．It also had the name “Fraser” on one side．

Adam found remains of a green bottle and some very thick brown glass—again, far different from today’s．

After doing research on the computer, the boys contacted Aimee Wells of the county’s Cultural Resources office．She showed them a computer program that digitally puts old maps over modern satellite photographs．

Bingo! Their back yards were once part of a military（军事的） encampment（营地） called Camp Alger used by Ohio soldiers on their way to fight in the Spanish-American War in 1898．

So how do a few bottles get connected to a brief war that was more than a century ago? “We get there by good judgment,” Wells said．“We know the time period of the bottles and what happened in that area．” Anyone can dig a hole, but archaeologists seek a deeper understanding．How do objects found relate to things around them?

When Derek and Adam realized that a solider might have held that Fraser bottle 110 years ago, they wondered what he might have been thinking．What did he see as he looked around him? How did he pass the time waiting to go into battle?

Historical records show that while waiting for orders, the soldiers in and around Camp Alger played baseball, played instruments and walked seven miles to the Potomac River once a week for baths．A spread of strange fever forced the closing of the camp, and there are no buildings to study．“What’s left is only what’s in the ground,” said Wells．

Derek’s and Adam’s back yards have joined the 3,400 places listed on the county’s register of archaeological sites．The boys were given tips on how to dig effectively and safely, and on how to document the location of items found．

The official record of their finds serves as another piece of the puzzle for historians seeking to form a more complete story of what happened．

“Not everyone is going to have historical objects in their own yard,” Wells said．“That’s okay．Make your own time capsule and bury it．What would you want people to know about your life years from now?”

63．What is the passage mainly about?

A．How Adam Giles and Derek Hann dug out the remains of an ancient military encampment．

B．What Adam Giles and Derek Hann found in their back yard and its relationship with an encampment．

C．The great contribution Adam Giles and Derek Hann made to the cause of archaeology．

D．The tips on how to dig out ancient objects buried under the ground safely and effectively．

64．From the passage, we can see that the boy’s discovery _______．

A．includes all kinds of hand-made and machine- made glass．

B．has helped historians find out what happened in 1898．

C．couldn’t have been meaningful without Aimee Wells’ help．

D．has added the county to the list of archaeologist sites．

65．When Wells said “We get there by good judgment．” （Paragraph 6）, she meant that_______．

A．they have established the ties to Camp Alger by finding out the time period of the bottles．

B．they have figured out how to get to the place where the brief war happened．

C．they have managed to dig out the bottles in the back yard safely with common sense．

D．they were able to locate the soldiers who used the Fraser bottles 110 years ago．

66．Which of the following fits the description of historical records?

A．The soldiers in and around Camp Alger delighted in playing basketball in their spare time．

B．When Camp Alger was forced to close, all the buildings there were destroyed．

C．The soldiers in and around Camp Alger often buried some bottles underground as time capsules．

D．Camp Alger was forced to close because of a spread of a strange fever．

黄连药材横断面在紫外灯下木质部显

A.淡黄色荧光

B.淡蓝色荧光

C.金黄色荧光

D.棕褐色荧光

对便携式防盗门破拆工具组表述正确的是（）。

A、手动液压泵处于工作状态时，可以进行液压管和液压工具的连接

B、虽然止推环具有缓冲作用，但还应避免使千斤顶达到最大行程，以减小液压柱塞的磨损

C、工作结束后，手动液压泵处于泄压状态，不可通过内部压力将液压柱塞自动收回

D、由于止推环具有缓冲作用，所以可以使千斤顶达到最大行程，达到较快的破拆效果

如图所示的应力状态单元体若按第四强度理论进行强度计算，则其相当应力σ_r4等于：（）

A.A

B.B

C.C

D.D