长途跋涉所致的骨折最常发生在（）。 A.股骨颈 B.股骨干 C.第二跖骨 D.胫骨干

Passage Two

In its modem form the concept of "literature" did not emerge earlier than the eighteenth century and was not fully developed until the nineteenth century. Yet the conditions for its emergence had been developing since the Renaissance. The word itself came into English use in the fourteenth century, following French and Latin precedents; its root was Latin littera, a letter of the alphabet. Litterature, in the common early spelling, was then in effect a condition of reading: of being able to read and of having read. It was often close to the sense of modem literacy, which was not in the language until the late nineteenth century, its introduction in part made necessary by the movement ofliteratureto a different sense. The normal adjective associated with literature was literate. Literary appeared in the sense of reading ability and experience in the seventeenth century, and did not acquire its specialized modem meaning until the eighteenth century.

Literature as a new category was then a specialization of the area formerly categorized as rhetoricand grammar: a specialization to reading and, in the material context of the development of printing, to the printed word and especially the book. It was eventually to become a more general category than poetry or the earlier poesy, which had been general terms for imaginative composition, but which in relation to the development of literature became predominantly specialized, from the seventeenth century, to metrical composition and especially written and printed metrical composition. But literature was never primarily the active composition—the " making"—which poetry had described. As reading rather than writing, it was a category of a different kind. The characteristic use can be seen in Bacon "learned in all literature and erudition, divine and humane"—and as late asJohnson "he had probably more than common literature, as his son addresses him in one of his most elaborate Latin poems." Literature, that is to say, was a category of use and condition rather than of production. It was a particular specialization of what had hither to been seen as an activity or practice, and a specialization, in the circumstances, which was inevitably made in terms of social class. In its first extended sense, beyond the bare sense of "literacy," it was a definition of "polite" or "humane" learning, and thus specified a particular social distinction. New political concepts of the "nation" and new valuations of the "vernacular" interacted with a persistent emphasis on "literature" as reading in the "classical" languages. But still, in this first stage, into the eighteenth century, literaturewas primarily a generalized social concept, expressing a certain (minority) level of educational achievement. This carded with it a potential and eventually realized alternative definition of literatureas "printed books:" the objects in and through which this achievement was demonstrated.

It is important that, within the terms of this development, literature normally included all printed books. There was not necessary specialization to "imaginative" works. Literature was still primarily reading ability and experience, and this included philosophy, history, and essays as well as poems. Were the new eighteenth century novels literature That question was first approached, not by definition of their mode or content, but by reference to the standards of "polite" or "humane" learning. Was drama literature This question was to exercise successive generations, not because of any substantial difficulty but because of the practical limits of the category. If literature was reading, could a mode written for spoken performance be said to be literature, and if not, where was Shakespeare

At one level the definition indicated by this development has persisted. Literature lost its earliest sense of reading ability and reading experience, and became an apparently objective category of printed works of a certain quality. The concerns of a "literary editor" or a "literary supplement" would still be defined in this way. But three complicating tendencies can then be distinguished: first, a shift from "learning" to "taste" or "sensibility" as a criterion defining literary quality; second, an increasing specialization of literature to "creative" or "imaginative" works; third, a development of the concept of "tradition" within national terms, resulting in the more effective definition of "a national literature." The source of each of these tendencies can be discerned from the Renaissance, but it was in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that they came through most powerfully, until they became, in the twentieth century, in effect received assumptions.

Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage ？（）

A．The Development of the Concept of Literature.

B．The Development of the Modern Concept of Literature.

C．The Development of Literature.

D．The Development of Literacy.

甲(买方)与乙(卖方)签订买卖合同，合同标的物为一级红富士或一级国光苹果，合同履行期内，乙方将一级国光苹果送至甲方。但由于市场变化，国光苹果滞销，甲方表示如交付一级红富士就接收，如交付国光苹果则拒收，下列陈述正确的是： ( )

A．甲方有选择权，故其有权拒收

B．本案涉及的债是选择之债

C．乙方有选择权，故甲方不能拒收

D．选择之债中选择权仅能归债权人或债务人中一方行使，除此之外任何人无权行使选择权

组织相对分散，权力分化，具有灵活性、适应性强等优点，这是（）。

A.正式组织

B.非正式组织

C.机械式组织

D.有机式组织

国务院药品监督管理部门( )。

A．确定国家基本药物目录
B．从宏观上进行医药经济管理
C．对医疗保险用药品种、给付标准、定点零售药店进行管理
D．对药品广告进行监督查处
E．对药品价格进行管理

苏生中自动肺过慢，原因是（）

A.面罩与面部接触不严或接头漏气

B.伤员气道不通