在隧道施工过程中，对于出现衬砌混凝土开裂、拱顶下沉质量问题的原因，分析正确的是（）。

下列关于抵押的说法，正确的有()

A.甲把自己的房屋赠与了乙，丙对该房屋享有抵押权，此时丙的抵押权是无效的

B.甲借乙10万元以自己的房屋设定抵押，丙帮甲清偿债务的话，甲可以把房子转让给丙

C.抵押财产转让要生效是以抵押权人的同意为条件的

D.抵押人经抵押权人的同意转让抵押物的话，此时抵押权人可以选择把转让的价款提存的

2012年3月22日是第二十届“世界水日”，联合国确定今年的宣传主题是“水与粮食安全”（ Water and Food Security）。请依据以下内容，回答你对相关问题的认识。   

（1）图1是电解水的实验装置。通电一段时间后，正极产生的气体名称为_________，电解水的化学方程式为______________ 。

（2）图2是简易净水装置。该净水装置中小卵石、石英砂的作用是___________（填“过滤”或“消毒”），该装置____________（填“能”或“ 不能”）将硬水软化。

（3）图3是自来水厂的净水过程示意图。二氧化氯（ClO₂）是新一代饮用水的消毒剂，工业上制取二氧化氯的方 法是：将氯气（Cl₂）通入亚氯酸钠（NaClO₂）溶液中反应，生成二氧化氯和氯化钠。写出该反应的化学方程式______________。

在实验室中，用溶液制备沉淀，最好选用的试剂是

A．石灰水

B．氢氧化钠溶液

C．硫酸

D．氨水

I keep hammering this because I keep seeing people who don’t do it.

1. Look up English to Elvish.

2. Look up the Elvish word in the best Elvish dictionary you have, and, preferably, find out the context（上下文） in Tolkien’s language dictionary.

3. Change the word to suit rules of grammar: singular or plural, mutations, verb tenses, etc.

You cannot leave out any of these steps. If you do, you’re almost certain to have errors. Why you have to do step 2:

Languages never match up one- to-one. English and Elvish are closer than usual, but there are still problems. And English has strange idioms: why are there no baths or beds in public bathrooms or restrooms? You can’t translate literally（逐字地）. You have to understand the meaning behind each word.

In Elvish this is even more true, since our dictionaries contain more or less questionable reconstructions, and words that Tolkien later threw away or replaced. Find the best one you can.

Consider the word “fair”. We tend to use it to mean “just”. Tolkien tends to use it to mean “beautiful”. In Elvish, these are two entirely different words. So when you look up “fair”, you’ll have to go to the Elvish dictionary to see that you’ve got the right one.

Consider the nightmare（噩梦）of He left the bar. Is “left” the opposite of “right” （which also has two meanings） ? Is “bar” extruded steel（型材钢）, or something to do with law? You have to know what words mean in both languages.

And you’d be amazed at how many people ignore step 3, forgetting that language is more than a string of words, and there are rules about how to fit those words together. You can’t simply look up the word “I” and use it everywhere. Sometimes you need “me” or “my”. There’s a reason it takes a while to learn a language: you have to learn the rules.

It drives me completely mad when people give a questionable translation they insist is right because “it’s in the dictionary”. A dictionary is a tool, a resource. but its entries（词目）should not be mistaken for a finished product. They are raw materials.

小题1:The underlined word “this” in paragraph 1 refers to         .

A．consulting the dictionaries when translating between languages

B．finding out the true meaning in context

C．ignoring the rules of grammar

D．leaving out some of the three steps the author mentions小题2: According to the author, you have to do step 2 because         .

A．you have to understand the meaning behind each word

B．Elvish and English are quite different in forms

C．there are no baths or beds in public bathrooms

D．Elvish has some words which are hard to find小题3:Grammar is also very important because it         .

A．helps fit the words together

B．takes a while to learn a language

C．is a rule to obey

D．is often forgotten in translating小题4:In the last paragraph, the author shows         .

A．his impatience to those who insist their wrong translation is right

B．his puzzle to the questionable translation

C．the importance of the correct use of dictionaries

D．the mistaken entries in the dictionaries小题5: The passage is mainly about how to         .

A．learn a foreign language with a dictionary

B．avoid errors when looking up a dictionary

C．understand the meaning of a strange word

D．use a dictionary to translate between languages

下图是A、B、C三种物质的溶解度曲线，你从中可得到哪些信息？（至少写三点）

(1) ____                   ____

(2)_ ______                    _

(3)__ ___              ______ ．