多项选择题：配送控制措施的关键点（） A.建立物资配送网络 B.优化物资配送方案 C.合理配载

题型：综合题

（13分）政治制度的变化是社会变迁的重要内容。请回答下列问题：　　

材料一西周灭商后，控制的地域西起今甘肃东部，东达海滨，北起今辽宁，南达长江。有的学者认为，由于技术性的因素，西周的中央政府不能有效地统治整个国家。在平定了一次严重的叛乱后，西周王室进行了大规模的“封藩建卫”：西周的统治者把统治的权力、权威和责任委任给属国，属国反过来效忠中央政府并向中央政府纳贡，提供军事支持。

——据张岂之主编《中国历史·先秦卷》、［美］杰里··齐格勒著《新全球史——文明的传承与交流》等资料整理

（1）根据材料一，概括与西周推行分封制有关的重要因素。（4分）

灭六国后，针对地方政治制度问题，秦王朝曾有重要的辩论。多数大臣赞成恢复分封制，而李斯却提出了不同意见：

材料二廷尉李斯议曰：“周文武所封子弟同姓甚众，然后属疏远，相攻击如仇雠，诸侯更相诛伐，周天子弗能禁止。今海内赖陛下神灵一统，皆为郡县，……则安宁之术也。置诸侯不便。”始皇曰：“天下共苦战斗不休，以有侯王。赖宗庙，天下初定，又复立国，是树兵也，而求其宁息，岂不难哉！廷尉议是。”

——《史记·秦始皇本纪》

（2）结合材料，分析秦始皇和李斯决定推行郡县制度的历史依据。（2分）与分封制相比，该制度具有鲜明的特点。请结合所学知识简要概括。（2分）

19世纪末20世纪初，地方自治的呼声在社会上骤然兴起。

材料三康有为在1902年指出，欧美、日本等国强盛的原因在于实行地方自治，……中国所以“败弱”，原因在于“官代民治”，因此救中国之道，“听地方自治而已”。

某留日学生则认为，“地方自治制最完全者，其实业必最隆起，其国力必最强盛。地方自治制与实业要有密接之关系”，“吾民族欲自发达其实业……非亟亟趋向于地方自治之规模而进行不可”。

——据虞和平主编《中国现代化历程》、马小泉《晚清新式绅商的公民意识与政治参与》等资料整理

（3）根据材料并结合所学，分析以上两人对地方自治问题论述的不同角度，并概括由此反映的时代背景。（5分）

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题型：完形填空

完形填空。

     Scott and his companions were terribly disappointed. When they got to the South Pole, they found the
Norwegians (挪威人)had   1 them in the race to be the first ever to reach it. After   2 the British flag at
the Pole, they took a photograph of themselves   3 they started the 950-mile journey back.
     The journey was unexpectedly   4 and the joy and excitement about the Pole had gone out of them. The
sun hardly   5  . The snow storms always made it impossible to sight the stones they had   6 to mark their
way home. To make things   7 . Evans, whom they had all thought of   8 the strongest of the five, fell badly
into a deep hole in the ice. Having   9 along for several days, he suddenly fell down and died.
     The four who were  10  pushed on at the best speed they could  11 . Captain Oates had been suffering for
some time from his  12  fact; at night his feet swelled (肿胀) so large that he could  13  put his boots on the
next morning, and he walked bravely although he was in great  14 . He knew his slowness was making it less
likely that
15  could save themselves. He asked them to leave him behind in his sleeping-bag, but they refused, and helped
him  16  a few more miles, until it was time to put up the  17  for another night.
     The following morning,  18  the other three were still in their sleeping-bags, he said."I am just going outside
and may be  19  some time." He was never seen again. He had walked out  20  into the snow storm, hoping that
his death would help his companions.