在气象探测环境保护范围内进行爆破，由有关气象主管机构按照权限责令停止违法行为，可以并

阅读文段，回答问题。

　　一天晚上，去朋友家玩，朋友正给他4岁的儿子讲故事。其中有一个故事便是全中国人都知道的寓言《农夫和蛇》。我插话说：“这个寓言不宜讲给小孩听。”朋友笑问为什么，我解释道：“至少有这样几个理由：其一，农夫的做法有些不妥，但保护动物的观念却应该提倡。我们至多告诉孩子遇见冻僵的蛇时，采取适当的保护办法。其二，我们如果过多地给孩子讲《农夫和蛇》之类的故事，肯定在他们心里会造成浓重的阴影，觉得世人皆不可随便信任，到处都是陷阱和阴谋，连好心好意帮助别人也会招致莫名的灾祸。要是所有的人都这样想，整个社会就会高墙四立，压抑的气氛和自私的品格会主宰着每一个人的心胸，最终受害的也是每一个人，这样的教训其实已经不用多说了。”

　　蛇不会主动伤害人类，蛇对人的侵害肯定是它意识到自己正处在某种危险状态，这已是生物学上的常识。这种常识也同样适用于老虎、狼、豹等所谓的危险动物。何况与人类多年来对它们的伤害相比，它们对人的危害是何等微不足道。我们现在出版的大量少儿读物和电视台播出的动画片中，依然惯于把它们作为反面角色来表现，最后的结果也总是遭到了灭亡的下场。

　　这当然不只是教育层面上的问题。谁乐意在自己作品中把某一类动物作为反面角色，是他自己的自由，动物们也不会像人一样同他打名誉官司。问题在于我们的传统文化欠缺的不是相互争斗、相互算计的技巧，而是欠缺理解、怜悯和扶持的观念，欠缺爱的教育。

　　在我们生活的世界上，邪恶仍然会长期存在，教会孩子抗争邪恶也是我们教育的应有之义务。但这种正义的教育与爱的教育并无任何矛盾的地方，而是相互补充，并行不悖，缺一不可的。没有正义的爱与没有爱的正义同样不可思议。唐僧一再放过白骨精固然糊涂，这里面就没有让人感动的东西吗？历史上，不是有许多“宁可我负天下人，不可天下人负我”、“宁可错杀一千，不可放走一个”的“英雄好汉”吗？境界之高下显而易见。我们更不可嘲笑那把蛇抱进怀里的农夫。苏醒后的蛇对人的危害，农夫不可能不知道，他一定是个把爱看作高于生命的人。

1．一篇好的议论文，总是有其现实针对性的。本文就是针对________________这一问题，有感而发的。

2．文章的主要观点是____________，采用的最主要的论证方法是___________。

3．《农夫和蛇》这则寓言在文章的开头和结尾两处分别提及，但在文中的作用却各不相同。文章开头提及这一寓言的作用是：_________________；文章结尾提及这一寓言的作用是：______________________。

4．思辨性是议论文的灵魂，请你站在作者的对立面，用简明的语言列举一个事实来反驳作者的观点。

____________________________________

面对西方列强的入侵，中国一批先进的知识分子作出了不同的探索，其中，提出“师夷长技以制夷”的是 [ ]

A、林则徐

B、魏源

C、孙中山

阅读理解。

     Everybody hates it, but everybody does it . A recent report said that 40% of Americans hate tipping .

    In America alone , tipping is a $16 billion-a-year industry .Consumers acting politely ought not to pay

more than they have to for a given service . Tips should not exist . So why do they ? The common opinion

in the past was that tips both rewarded the efforts of good service and reduced uncomfortable feelings of

inequality. And also, tipping makes for closer relations. It went without saying that the better the service,

the bigger the tip .

    But according to new research from Cornell University , tips no longer serves any useful function . The

paper analyzes numbers they got from 2547 groups dining at 20 different restaurants . The connection

between larger tips and better service was very weak . Only a tiny part of the size of the tip had anything

to do with the quality of service .

     Tipping is better explained by culture than by the money people spend . In America , the custom came

into being a long time ago . It is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service. In New York

restaurants , failing to tip at least 15% could well mean dissatisfaction from the customers . Hairdressers

can expect to get 15%-20% , and the man who delivers your fast food $ 2. In Europe , tipping is less

common . In many restaurants the amount of tip is decided by a standard service charge . In many Asian

countries , tipping has never really caught on at all . Only a few have really taken to tipping.

    According to Michael Lynn , the Cornell papers' author , countries in which people are more social or

outgoing tend to tip more . Tipping may reduce anxiety about being served by strangers . And , says ,

Mr . Lynn, "in America , where people are expressive and eager to mix up with others , tipping is about

social approval . If you tip badly , people think less of you . "Tipping well is a chance to show off ."

1. This passage is mainly about ______.

A. different kinds of tipping in different countries

B. the relationship between tipping and custom

C. the original and present meaning of tipping

D. most American people hate tipping

2. Which of the following best explains the underlined phrase "caught on" ?

A. been hated  

B. become popular  

C. been stopped  

D. been permitted

3. Among the following situations , in your opinion , who is likely to tip most ?

A.A Frenchman just quarreled with the barber who did his hair badly in NY.

B. A Chinese student enjoyed his meal in a famous fast food restaurant in NY.

C. A Japanese businessman asked for a pizza delivery from a Pizza Hut in NY.

D. An American just had a wonderful dinner in a well-known restaurant in NY.

4. We can infer from this passage that  _______.

A. tipping is no longer a good way to satisfy some customers themselves

B. tipping has something to do with people's character

C. tipping in America can make service better now

D. tipping is especially popular in New York

在万能保险中，就结算利率来看，其保单可以提供一个（）