为明确诊断首先要进行A．血清淀粉酶测定 B．急诊钡餐造影 C．急性静脉胆道造影 D．

在腭裂修复过程中造成软腭张力最大的肌肉是

A．咽上缩肌

B．舌腭肌

C．咽腭肌

D．腭帆张肌

E．腭帆提肌

如图所示，一个确定的电源在外接电阻连续变化时，内电路和外电路消耗的电功率P随电流I变化的关系图线分别由C₁、C₂表示，由图象知，下列说法中正确的是            

A．电源的电动势是2V

B．电源的内阻为2Ω

C．电源的最大输出功率是16W

D．外电路被短路时，电源的功率为16W

（12分）如图所示，光滑水平轨道与半径为R的光滑竖直半圆轨道在B点平滑连接。在过圆心O的水平界面的下方分布有水平向右的匀强电场。现有一个质量为m、电量为+q的小球从水平轨道上的A点由静止释放，小球运动到C点离开圆轨道后，经界面MN上的P点进入电场（P点恰好在A点的正上方，小球可视为质点，小球运动到C之前电量保持不变，经过C点后电量立即变为零）。已知A、B间的距离为2R，重力加速度为g。在上述运动过程中，

α

D

求：①电场强度E的大小;

②小球在圆轨道上运动时的最大速率；

③小球对圆轨道的最大压力。

由于第三方原因使监理工作受阻或延误，以致增加了工作量或延续时间，这属于( )。

A．正常监理工作

B．附加监理工作

C．额外监理工作

D．临时监理工作

For years, smokers have been exhorted to take the initiative and quit: use a nicotine patch, chew nicotine gum, take a prescription medication that can help, call a help line, just say no. But a new study finds that stopping is seldom an individual decision. Smokers tend to quit in groups, the study finds, which means smoking cessation programs should work best if they focus on groups rather than individuals. It also means that people may help many more than just themselves by quitting: quitting can have a ripple effect prompting an entire social network to break the habit.

The study, by Dr. Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School and James Fowler of the University of California, San Diego, followed thousands of smokers and nonsmokers for 32 years, from 1971 until 2003, studying them as part of a large network of relatives, co-workers, neighbors, friends and friends of friends.

It was a time when the percentage of adult smokers in the United States fell to 21 percent from 45 percent. As the investigators watched the smokers and their social networks, they saw what they said was a striking effect—smokers had formed little social clusters and, as the years went by, entire clusters of smokers were stopping en masse. So were clusters of clusters that were only loosely connected. Dr. Christakis described watching the vanishing clusters as like lying on your back in a field, looking up at stars that were burning out. "It’s not like one little star turning off at a time," he said,"Whole constellations are blinking off at once. "

As cluster after cluster of smokers disappeared, those that remained were pushed to the margins of society, isolated, with fewer friends, fewer social connections. "Smokers used to be the center of the party," Dr. Fowler said, "but now they’ve become wallflowers." "We’ve known smoking was bad for your physical health," he said,"But this shows it also is bad for your social health. Smokers are likely to drive friends away. "

"There is an essential public health message," said Richard Suzman, director of the office of behavioral and social research at the National Institute on Aging, which financed the study. "Obviously, people have to take responsibility for their behavior," Mr. Suzman said. "But a social environment," he added, "can just overpower free will. " With smoking, that can be a good thing, researchers noted. But there also is a sad side. As Dr. Steven Sehroeder of the University of California, San Francisco, pointed out in an editorial accompanying the paper, "a risk of the marginalization of smoking is that it further isolates the group of people with the highest rate of smoking—persons with mental illness, problems with substance abuse, or both.

What can we conclude from the last paragraph（）

A. Social responsibility is widely-acknowledged

B. Smokers ignoring social environment are self-centered

C. Going on smoking is wrong-headed

D. Social influence on smoking is double-edged