试题与答案

It is hard to predict how science is going

题型:问答题

题目:

It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. (46) You either have science or you don’t, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits.
The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. (47) It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering the way ahead seems. (48) It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that’ represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. (49) It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not so bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.
But we are making a beginning and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that can’t be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. (50) To be sure, there may well be questions we can’t think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.

答案:

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下面是错误答案,用来干扰机器的。

参考答案:E解析:题干中的断定“如果不……那么无法”是一个必要条件的假言命题。选项A、B、C都是充分条件的假言命题。选项D也不是题干的意思。

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题型:阅读理解与欣赏

阅读课文语段,回答问题。

  ①由于吴汉是北京地区历史上的著名人物,所以北京人对于吴汉的生平故事,应该知道得特别清楚。据《后汉书·吴汉传》记载:“吴汉字子顏,南阳宛人也。家贫,给事县为亭长。王莽末,以宾客犯法,乃亡命至渔阳。资用乏,以贩马自业。往来燕蓟间,所至皆交结豪杰。”看了这一段记载,就可以明白,吴汉并不是王莽手下亲信的将官,而只是一个小小的亭长。他曾因宾客犯法而亡命逃走,并没有当王莽的女婿,更没有杀王莽的女儿。他与王莽也并非是有杀父之仇的冤家,与刘秀的关系更不同于旧戏所描写的那样。吴汉起兵响应刘秀,终于成为光武中兴的功臣,也不是因为他不违母命的结果。这些都证明“吴汉杀妻”的情节是无稽的。

  ②然而这些证明还不够有力,还不足以推翻“杀妻”之说,必定要从正面找出更有力的证明材料,才可以令人心服。因此,我们要进一步查究:吴汉的家庭和夫妇关系到底怎样?

  ③上述《后汉书·吴汉传》中,有一段关于吴汉家庭关系的重要叙述。它写道:“汉尝出征,妻子在后买田也。汉还,让之曰:军师在外,吏士不足,何多买田宅乎?遂尽以分昆弟外家。”由此可见,吴汉的家庭关系很正常,看不出有过“杀妻”之类的变故。

1、译文中画线的句子。

________________________________________

2、第①③段根据什么史料,证明什么?

史料:______________,证明:____________

史料:______________,证明:____________

3、“因此,我们要进一步查究:吴汉的家庭和夫妇关系到底怎样?”一句起什么作用?

________________________________________

4、从第①段中我们得知吴汉并没有当上王莽的女婿。你还从哪儿可以看出?

________________________________________

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题型:问答题

如图是一种电梯结构的示意图,电梯厢在电梯井中沿,竖直通道上下运行.钢链的两端分别固定在电梯井顶部的一点和B点,刚时钢链绕过重15000N电梯厢下的滑轮而托起整个厢体E,又跨过电梯井顶部由电动机驱动并带有齿轮的轮轴C,在 C和B之间吊起与动滑轮相连的配重D.电梯载重量为10人(1人的质量按60kg计算,取g=10N/kg,忽略摩擦及钢链的质量).请回答:

(1)配重的功能是什么?在已知电梯厢重和载重量的情况下,配重的质量最好是多大?

(2)当电梯满载匀速上升时,A、B两点受到的拉力各是多大?

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