定义应用需求的原型生命周期应是一个迭代过程，而其迭代工作量主要集中在　【11】　。

比较行政法规与地方性法规。

阅读理解

     We know the famous ones-the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells-but what about the

less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper(雨

刮器)?Shouldn't we know who they are?

     Joan McLean thinks so. In fact,  McLean,  a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range, 

 feels so strongly about this matter that she's developed a course on the topic. In addition to learning

"who" invented "what",  however,  McLean also likes her students to learn the answers to the "why"and

"how"questions. According to McLean, "When students learn the answers to these questions,  they are

better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try."

      Her students agree. One young man with a patent for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of

McLean's statement."If I had not heard the story of the windshield wiper's invention, "said Tommy Lee,

  a senior physics major, "I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm

into something so constructive." Lee is currently negotiating to sell his patent to an umbrella producer.

     So,  just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? Well,  Mary Anderson came up with the idea

in 1902 after a visit to New York City. The day was cold and stormy, but Anderson still wanted to see

the sights,  so she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the

snow covering the windshield,  she found herself wondering why there couldn't be a builtin device for

cleaning the window. Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham, Alabama.

Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas,  a lever(操作杆) on the inside of a vehicle

that would control an arm on the outside,  became the first windshield wiper.

      Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations. It's hard to imagine driving without

Garrett A. Morgan's traffic light. It's equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J. Blodgett's

innovation that makes glass invisible. Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?

1. By mentioning "traffic light" and "windshield wiper",  the author indicates that countless

     inventions are________.

A. beneficial,  because their inventors are famous

B. beneficial,  though their inventors are less famous

C. not useful,  because their inventors are less famous

D. not useful,  though their inventors are famous

2. Professor Joan McLean's course aims to________.

A. add colour and variety to students' campus life

B. inform students of the windshield wiper's invention

C. carry out the requirements by Mountain University

D. prepare students to try their own inventions

3. Tommy Lee's invention of the unbreakable umbrella was________.

A. not eventually accepted by the umbrella producer

B. inspired by the story behind the windshield wiper

C. due to his dream of being caught in a rainstorm

D. not related to Professor Joan McLean's lectures

4. Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage?

A. How to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions to Producers?

B. How to Design a Builtin Device for Cleaning the Window?

C. Shouldn't We Know Who Invented the Windshield Wiper?

D. Shouldn't We Develop Invention Courses in Universities?

中共 * * 党第十七届中央委员会第五次会议，于2010年10月15日至18日在北京举行。回答1~4题。

1、会议指出，要坚持扩大内需战略，建立扩大消费需求的长效机制，调整优化投资结构，加快形成消费、投资、出口协调拉动经济增长的新局面。这体现了[ ]

①消费对生产具有重要反作用的道理

②转变经济发展方式的客观要求

③生产的社会化和经济全球化的要求

④建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会的要求

A、①②

B、①④

C、①③

D、③④

2、全会强调，要坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度。这是因为[ ]

①它与我国按劳分配为主体多种分配方式并存的分配制度相适应

②它适合我国生产力水平较低、多层次且不平衡的状况

③它符合社会主义本质的要求

④它是社会主义的根本经济特征和国民经济的基础

A、①②

B、①④

C、①③

D、②③

3、中 * * * * 胡 * * 在中共十七届五中全会上提倡将“包容性增长”加入“十二五”规划。提出“包容性增长”的概念是在强调要和谐增长、科学增长，让大家都在增长中获得利益，让增长有利于社会发展、公共服务和精神文明建设。中共十七届五中全会之所以强调“包容性增长”是因为[ ]

①中 * * 党的执政理念是以人为本，执政为民

②中 * * 党坚持科学执政

③中 * * 党具有与时俱进的执政能力

④中 * * 党以民主执政为执政的基本方式

A、①②④

B、①③④

C、①②③

D、①②③④

4、中 * * 第十七届五中全会召开前夕，中共就“关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划的建议”多次举行各民主党派、无党派人士座谈会，广泛地征求意见。这体现[ ]

A、各党派共同履行政治协商、民主监督、参政议政的职能

B、中 * * 党和各民主党派是通力合作的友党关系

C、荣辱与共、肝胆相照是多党合作的首要前提

D、民主集中制是我国国家机构的组织活动原则

计量检定员证有效期为( )。

A．2年
B．3年
C．4年
D．5年

冬季钢筋的焊接，宜在室内进行，如必须在室外焊接时，其最低气温不宜低于（）。

A.-10℃

B.-15℃

C.-20℃

D.-25℃