术前12h禁食、4h禁饮的主要目的是 ( )A．使消化道充分休息 B．防止呕吐而

Before you speak to any audience, you should learn as much about its members as possible. Only in that way can you best adapt the level of your language and the content of your talk to your listeners.

41. Speaking to someone you know well. ______

Where are you likely to speak Certainly, in this class you’ll give several talks, and since you know most, ff not all, of the students, you should face no major problems in adapting your approach to them. Another speaking possibility exists in your workplace.

A third speaking possibility exists in any organization (social, cultural, athletic, and so on ) that you belong to. You may be asked to speak at the next meeting or at the annual banquet. Here again, you know the people involved, their background, their education level, and their attitudes and that’s a tremendous advantage for you. Since we’re upbeat and positive in this course, we’ll assume that you’ve given successful talks under all three circumstances, and with this course under your belt, you can do it again. Since good speakers are hard to. find and word about them travels fast, suppose that one day you get an invitation to speak to an organization in which you don’t know a soul. What do you do now If you feel able to handle the topic you’re asked to speak on, accept this rare challenge. Here’s where audience analysis comes into play. Be sure to ask the person who invited you for information on the members, information that encompasses a broad spectrum, such as in the following areas.

42. How old are your listeners ______

43. Sex composition of your listeners. ______

44. Interest in topic.

45. Interests or hobbies of the listeners.

[A] If you’re invited to speak to a women’s or men’s organization, you know the answer to this question at once. Quite often, however, audiences are mixed fairly evenly, although at times one sex may predominate.

[B] Do members of your prospective audience spend evenings watching TV movies and drinking beer at a local tavern, or do they read the Harvard Classics and attend concerts of Beethoven and Mozart Do they play bingo and 21, or do they pursue the questions the intriguing intricacies of contract bridge and chess Answers to these questions can help you choose the most appropriate material and language for your audience. Your choices can be crucial in determining the success or failure of your presentation.

[C] Are the members recent college graduates, senior citizens, or business executives in midcareer Just remember, age exerts a powerful impact on people’s attitudes, values and motivations.

[D] For example, your department manager may ask you to explain and demonstrate a procedure to some fellow employee. Or she may select you to address your department on behalf of the local blood donor drive. In both speech situations--in class and on the job— you’re familiar with your audience; you speak their language; you have things in common with them.

[E] Are you aware of the educational background of your audience How many of them have doctoral degrees, master degrees or bachelor degrees This will decide what kind of language you should adopt and how much they can understand.

[F] Are the members of the organization interested in the topic or are they required to attend regardless of their interest If the latter is true, what types of material will most likely pique their curiosity

42

女性患者，有不规则 * * 出血。宫颈刮片细胞核增大，核浆比例失常，核大小不等，形态各异，核深染，可见双核。如病理检测可疑为原位癌早浸应做（）

A.HPV检测

B.盆腔CT

C.宫颈锥切

D.单纯子宫切除

E.子宫切除+淋巴结清扫

平巷运输信号中电笛或口笛：三短声表示（）。

A.停车

B.向前行

C.向后慢行

D.向前慢行

Happiness can be described as a positive mood and a pleasant state of mind. According to recent investigations, sixty to seventy percent of Americans consider themselves to be moderately happy, one in twenty persons feel very happy. Psychologists have been studying the factors contributing to happiness. It is not predictable nor is a person in an apparently ideal situation necessarily happy. The ideal situation may have little to do with his actual feelings.

A good education and income are usually considered necessary for happiness. Though both may contribute, they are only chief factors if the person is seriously under - educated or actually suffering from lack of physical needs. The rich are not likely to be happier than the middle-in-come group or even those with very low incomes. People with college education are somewhat happier than those who didn’t graduated from high schools, and it is believed that this is mainly because they have more opportunity to control their lives. Yet people with a very high income and a college education may be less happy than those with the same income and no college education.

It should be noted that people quickly get used to what they have, they are happiest when they feel they are increasing their level, no matter where it stands at a given time. The best formula for happiness is to be able to develop the ability to tolerate frustration, to have a personal involvement and commitment, and to develop selfconfidence and to selfesteem.

Which of the following statements is NOT true ？（）

A. People in ideal situations are not necessarily happy.

B. Sometimes the poor may feel happier than the rich.

C. The richer one is, the happier one may be.

D. Those who are satisfied with what they have often feel happy.