下列不属于全国人民代表大会常务委员会委员长会议的组成人员的是：A．委员长 B．副委员

阅读下面的文字，完成小题。(14分)

《百家讲坛》拉开了“文化奶妈”时代

老愚

“《于丹〈论语〉心得》签售一日过万册”，这个新闻近几日一直在我的脑海里盘旋，因为它不是个枯燥的阿拉伯数字。签售当日，我路过中关村图书大厦，看见好多人绕着楼排队，起先以为是商场要大优惠，他们在抢购什么东西，走近才知道，原来是为了于丹女士讲孔子的签名售书。冬天的风在他们身上肆意拍打着，蛇样的队伍却越来越宠大，从这样的人群旁边走过，心情颇为复杂。

央视《百家讲坛》火爆后，文化传承似乎找到了一条通向罗马的捷径。本来是给闲人解闷的讲坛，成了普及经典文化的圣地。一批嘴皮厉害的讲人次第登场，于此扬名立万，跻身学者兼畅销书作家的行列，名利双收。

自余秋雨开始，文化找到了他的“传教士”，“传教士”也先后找到了文化。人们买名著经典，只是为了装点门面，并不就去如饥似渴地阅读，而要等待“传教士”的出现。比如，刘心武之于《红楼梦》，易中天之于《三国演义》，孔庆东之于鲁迅著作。从普及文化的角度看，这样的现象令人欣喜。每一个讲解者都复活了一本书甚至一个领域，读者也经由他们的讲解，激起强烈的阅读经典的兴趣。在一个精神无指向的时代，他们给出了一条文化传承之路。

一大批文化“传教士”的出现，改变了中国文化传播的方式。我把讲解者称为“文化奶妈”，把这种传承方式命名为“文化奶妈”式——就是得有奶妈吃了文化之草，再挤出奶汁喂养嗷嗷待哺的文化学童。

“文化奶妈”出现的原因很复杂，但大致可以找到这么两条：一是长期与文化的隔离，大众阅读理解能力极度不滑，已经很难弄明白老祖宗的字意了。这就需要人把文化通俗化，导入大众之耳。二是缺乏耐心，渴求速成。效率主导了人的生活，即使润物细无声的文化，也得服从这个硬道理。我们已经没有时间体味先哲的精神，我们要的是结论，能让我们受用的东西。因此，文化方便面大行其道。

在这样的时代，我们要放声赞美奶妈的功劳。他们尽管不是最有水准的学者，不能给我们提供学术标杆，但他们以自己的方式，传达出中国文化的魅力，使百姓愿意亲近文化。当国民阅读率持续走低的时候，有这样安慰国人的二手经典，当然不是坏事。

如果往深里思考，优虑也不少。已经出版的种种解释，都是个人化的探究与心得，毫无疑问，都在放大或缩小原著的思想空间，甚至背离原著主旨，把读者引向理解的歧途。在读者与经典之间，他们可能是桥梁，也可能是阻燃剂。出版的一窝峰，使咀嚼式文化产品急速繁殖，读者越来越懒了。由此造成的阅读依赖心理，将使名著远离人们，取椟还珠。

如果注意到《百家讲坛》的产业化运作方式，我们对其弊端就不能不加以警惕。在我看来，“奶妈文化”商业化操作的后遗症非常明显：首先就是急功近利，以市场定选题定人选，完全工业化操作，把精微的理解纳入程式化的规范里，长此以往必将形成恶俗的风气。其次，为了标新立异，对原著发挥离谱，靠过度解释吸引大众耳目。三是庸俗化家常化，以探究人性做幌子，把历史拆解成逗乐子的庸俗段子。

提醒咂巴奶头的文化学童，你们吃的东西毕竟不是原汁，而是替代品，如果想弄明白中国文化的原味，一定要去啃原著啊！

《论语》固然要看，但重在实行。孔子塑造了中国人的特征和行为准则，昭示了礼乐调和的人生境界。人之为人的奥秘皆在于此。用心去读，用力实践，《论语》才有价值，否则就只是滑稽的装饰。我们如果只是冲着某人的签名才会读孔子，孔子真的像艺术家金锋塑造的那样——要哭了。

（选自《中国青年报》2006年12月4日，有删改）

小题1:对抢购“于丹女士讲孔子的签名售书”这种现象，作者有怎样复杂的心情？(4分)

小题2:从“文化方便面大行其道”这一现象，请分条概括这个时代有些人对中国文化的精神追求。（4分）

小题3:综观全文，你如何看待“文化奶妈”这一人文科学领域的传承方式？请就作者的观点谈谈自己的看法。 (6分)

在消毒试验中，自然菌是指存在于某试验对象上（）

A.由人工污染的混合微生物，包括细菌、真菌等

B.由人工污染的致病微生物

C.固有的、非人工污染的细菌（微生物）

D.固有的、非人工污染的致病微生物

E.固有的或人工污染的评价消毒效果的指示微生物

Many parents who welcome the idea of turning off the TV and spending more time with the family are still worried that without TV they would constantly be on call as entertainers for their children. They remember thinking up all sorts of things to do when they were kids. But their own kids seem different, less resourceful, somehow. When there’s nothing to do, these parents observe regretfully, their kids seem unable to come up with anything to do besides turning on the TV.

One father, for example, says, “When I was a kid, we were always thinking up things to do, projects and games. We certainly never complained in an annoying way to our parents. ‘I have nothing to do’.” He compares this with his own children today: “They’re simply lazy. If someone doesn’t entertain them, they’ll happily sit there watching TV all day.”

There is one word for this father’s disappointment: unfair. It is as if he were disappointed in them for not reading Greek though they have never studied the language. He deplores (哀叹) his children’s lack of inventiveness, as if the ability to play were something born that his children are missing. In fact, while the tendency to play is built into the human species, the actual ability to play – to imagine, to invent, to elaborate on reality in a playful way –and the ability to gain fulfillment from it, these are skills that have to be learned and developed.

Such disappointment, however, is not only unjust, it is also destructive. Sensing their parents’ disappointment, children come to believe that they are, indeed, lacking something, and that this makes them less worthy of admiration and respect. Giving children the opportunity to develop new resources, to enlarge their horizons and discover the pleasure of doing things on their own is, on the other hand, a way to help children develop a confident feeling about themselves as capable and interesting people.

小题1: According to many parents, if there’s nothing to do, the children would        .

A．turn on the TV

B．complain to their parents

C．ask their parents to play with them

D．do all of the above小题2: Many parents think that, instead of watching a lot of TV their children should       .

A．sit silently studying Greek

B．think up things to entertain themselves

C．find chances to talk with parents

D．enjoy themselves outdoors小题3:The father often blames their children for not being able to entertain themselves. This is unfair because        .

A．the children are not really lazy, but there’s nothing for them to do

B．they do not lack the ability to play

C．they have to learn and develop their playing ability gradually

D．the father have done nothing to help the children小题4: When parents show constant disappointment in their children, the children will         .

A．lose their confidence and respectability

B．be much more disappointed

C．refuse to learn new things

D．discover the pleasures of doing things on their own小题5:What is the author’s main idea?

A．Today’s children are becoming less capable and independent than before.

B．Parents should give children more help on how to be creative.

C．Turning off the TV will help us solve a lot of family problems.

D．It’s not just for parents and children to complain each other.

下列选项中关于杂志广告特点表述正确的有（）。

A.时效长

B.针对性不强

C.发行周期长

D.信息传播不及时

若某流体的体积流量为5m³/s，质量流量为4000kg/s，则该流体的密度为（）。

A、800kg/m³

B、20000kg/m³

C、1250kg/m³

D、2000kg/m³