试题与答案

Teach for America (TFA) was founded by Wen

题型:单项选择题

题目:

Teach for America (TFA) was founded by Wendy Kopp in 1990. It is a non-profit organisation that recruits top-notch graduates from elite institutions and gets them to teach for two years in struggling state schools in poor areas.

I had thought the programme was about getting more high-quality teachers — but that, it appears, is a secondary benefit. “This is about enlisting the energy of our country’s future leaders in its long-term educational needs, and eliminating inequity,” Wendy explains. It’s great if “corps members”, as TFA calls its active teachers, stay in the classroom — and many do, and rise quickly through the ranks.

But the “alums”, as she calls those who have finished their two-year teaching, who don’t stay in schools often go on to lead in other fields, meaning that increasing numbers of influential people in all walks of life learn that it is possible to teach successfully in low-income communities, and just what it takes. “It means you realise that we can solve this problem.”

As she continues to talk I realise that TFA is — in the best possible sense — a cult. It has its own language (“corps members”, “alums”), recruits are instilled (“We tell them that it can be done, that we know of hundreds, thousands, of teachers attaining tremendous success”), go through an ordeal (“Everyone hits the wall in week three in the classroom”), emerge transformed by privileged knowledge (“Once you know what we know — that kids in poor urban areas can excel — you can accomplish different things”) and can never leave (alumni form a growing, and influential, network). I have not seen the same zeal when talking to those on the equivalent programme in England, Teach First., in which the missionary-style language imported from America had to be toned down, because it just didn’t suit the restrained English style. But could that favour be necessary for its success

Chester, an alum, takes me to visit three TFA corps members at a middle school in the Bronx. They are impressive young people, and their zeal is evident. Two intend to stay in teaching; both want to open charter schools. One, a Hispanic woman, is working out with a friend how to educate migrant Hispanic labourers in Texas; the other would like to open a “green” charter, but in the meantime he has accepted a job with the KIPP charter group in Newark, New Jersey.

All three are tired. Their classrooms are not much like the rest of the school where they work, and their heroic efforts are only supported by Chester and each other, not by their co-workers. “The first year was unbelievably bad,” one tells me. “So many years with low expectations meant a lot of resistance from the kids. Eventually they saw the power and the growth they were capable of.”

Which of the following is true about TFA’s “corps members” and “alums”()

A. The corps members stay in schools after finishing their two-year teaching

B. The alums don’t stay in schools after finishing their two-year teaching

C. A corps member will be an alum after finishing the two-year teaching

D. A corps member becomes an alum if he or she has quitted halfway

答案:

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参考答案:D

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题型:阅读理解与欣赏

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沉默中的土地

诸柏林

  ①我的家乡是一个古老的村庄。无需煞费苦心地去考究,这里还不是村庄的时候,一定有了孕育村庄的一片更古老的土地。

  ②村庄的出现,恐怕是若干年前先人们迷恋这方山水,认为这里就是属于他们的村庄,从此不再漂泊。理智地将生存的根扎进土壤中,一代又一代人前赴后继,不惜力量和热汗开垦出一块又一块田畦,这片土地上就出现了蚯蚓爬行似的田埂,纵横交错的阡陌,忠实地恪守田垄的边沿,然后井然有序地伸向一户户农家。有了属于自己的家园,人们不再彷徨,义无反顾地在这片土地上耕耘,繁衍生息,一次次将希冀播种于泥土中。无论是收获带来丰收的喜悦,天灾人祸威胁人们的生存,还是喜怒哀乐引起心灵的震撼,这一切都似乎是构成自然的和谐,唯有土地用惊人的沉默对人的愿望表示出不动声色的执著。

  ③我就降生在这块土地上,村庄对我的到来,无所谓欢迎也无所谓嫌弃,客观地讲被归纳为可多可少一类。起初,我根本不知道自己的思想会成为村庄的叛逆。所以这样说,是因为潜意识里曾对于村庄的事情产生过怀疑。当我第一次睁开眼睛,看到满田满垄带着露珠在阳光下晃动的禾苗,绿浪的尽头耸立着高大挺拔的枫树,柔婉的翠竹掩映着炊烟袅袅的村舍。听到鸟儿栖在枝头清丽婉转的鸣叫,在流溢着田园风光的美丽中,人们的脸上却写满了憔悴和忧伤,让人一眼就读懂了这样的活法很苦很累。我生存的根同样深深陷于这片土地中,命运必然与土地紧密地联系在一起,一生无可奈何地重蹈着先人们的脚印。当我深切地感受到种田人的艰难后,不由引起了我对前途命运的思考与关注。

  ④终于有一天,我发现这块土地古朴得近乎丑陋,这个发现不啻一声惊雷震醒了几乎埋没在泥土中窒息的思维,怂恿我想象我并不知道的村庄之外那些令人向往的世界,激活了探索土地与人生相关问题的思考,开始用心解读村庄的全部内涵。千百年来,村庄无论是阳光的照耀,还是风雨的侵蚀,除了布满沧桑的痕迹,还缺乏焕发生机的活力。土地对人们冷漠得既不慷慨也不吝啬,于旷世经久的沉默中,悄然冷静地审视村庄人的行为,对一茬一茬侍弄土地的人永远是一副捉摸不透的面孔。土地成了牵扯村庄人的根,尽管生存需要靠根吮吸营养,对它眷恋也罢,嫌弃也罢,它却以豁达的宽容叫人感动。因此,蛊惑着村庄人丧失了背叛它的勇气,世世代代虔诚地守候着它。

  ⑤我无从考究从前的这块土地是什么模样?却有理由相信,自从这里成了我们的村庄,土地就服从人的意志既生长禾苗,同样也滋生人的憧憬,哺育人的希望。村庄人靠攀附着飘渺的憧憬和希望坚定了对土地的固守。尽管终生的守候无法摆脱贫穷,逃避灾难,却能躺在土地坚实的躯体上安详地撞进梦境,人生的壮丽在酣梦中就有了想象中的辉煌

  ⑥沉默中的土地对村庄人从来没有什么承诺,唯一给人安慰的是按人的意志种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆,无论人们精耕细作还是广种薄收,土地像乳母干瘪的奶头,只有你不厌其烦地用力吮吸,才能获得充饥的乳汁,它从来不偏袒不劳而获的投机者。土地是一切生命的载体,所有生灵都有机会在这个舞台上将生命演绎到极致。人的追求从来没有止境,在依托土地日臻成熟的强大中,当仁不让地主宰了世界。征服的快感使欲望不断膨胀,争夺土地,攫取劳动成果往往演变成人生命之外却高于生命的行动。土地被强者乐此不疲贪婪地争夺弄得满目疮痍,弱者在不堪忍受重压无力侍弄它时,荒凉追逐着土地,野草任性地爬满赤裸的身躯。斗转星移,日月更迭,漫漫岁月中,土地成了人类生存的依赖,荣华富贵的象征。因此,挖空心思变换花样占有土地,掠夺劳动成果,成了人们的最终目的。带着血腥的争夺中,沉默的土地疲惫了。

1.请结合上下文,理解下面两句话的含意。

(1)人生的壮丽在酣梦中就有了想象中的辉煌。

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(2)土地像乳母干瘪的奶头,只有你不厌其烦地用力吮吸,才能获得充饥的乳汁,它从来不偏袒不劳而获的投机者。

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2.文中说“自己的思想会成为村庄的叛逆”,说一说这种“叛逆的思想”包含了哪些内容?

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3.第③段画线的语句描写村庄的田园风光很有特色,请从表现手法的角度加以分析。

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4.文章最后写道:“土地被强者乐此不疲贪婪地争夺弄得满目疮痍,弱者在不堪忍受重压无力侍弄它时,荒凉追逐着土地,野草任性地爬满赤裸的身躯”,“沉默的土地疲惫了”。作者这样说,触发了你怎样的思考?请结合全文内容加以回答。

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