在教育学理论发展中，提出儿童智力发展阶段与教学关系理论的教育家是A．赞科夫 B．皮亚

结核性腹膜炎手术指征错误的是（）

A.完全性肠梗阻

B.肠穿孔引起腹膜炎

C.肠瘘经内科治疗未闭合

D.不全肠梗阻内科治疗好转

E.难与急腹症鉴别时，可剖腹检查

阅读理解。

     Animals can move from place to place, but plants cannot. When an animal is under attack, it can run away

or fight back.. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws. But plants can defend

themselves by using both physical and chemical means.

     Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example, the leaves of the holly plant have

sharp spines (刺) that discourage grass-eating animals. Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than

leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.

     Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. Some

grasses may contain a sandy material; eating such grasses wears down the animal's teeth. 

     Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an

unpleasant reaction. Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals.

When a caterpillar (毛虫) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends

to the roots the information to produce more nicotine. The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar.

     Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses. A certain plant in China, for instance, has

prickly (多刺的) leaves, and each prickle contains poisonous venom (毒液) A single experience with this kind

of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future.

1. The holly plant has more spines on the lower leaves because most animals ______.

A. are not tall enough

B. like the lower leaves only

C. are not clever enough

D. can get the lower leaves easily

2. To defend themselves, oak trees use ______.

A. chemical means

B. physical means

C. bitter chemicals

D. sandy materials

3. How does tobacco protect itself against an attack from a caterpillar?

A. Its leaves fight against the attack by physical means.

B. Its roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar.

C. Its roots increase the production of nicotine when it is attacked.

D. Its leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpillar away.

4. What would be the best title for this passage?

A. Plants and Animals

B. How Plants Defend Themselves

C. Attacks and Defenses

D. How Animals Eat Plant Leaves

起重机械安全规程要求：跨度等于或超过()m的装卸桥和门式起重机，应装偏斜调整和显示装置。P111

A.40

B.50

C.60

D.70

领事婚姻得在（）

A.实质要件和形式要件都适用当事人本国法

B.实质要件适用当事人本国法，形式要件适用驻在国法

C.实质要件与形式要件都不得违反驻在地法

D.实质要件与形式要件都必须同时符合驻在国法

今日は四月一日です。（）

A.しがつ

B.よんがつ

C.よがつ

D.ごがつ