试题与答案

Throughout history has (1) changed h

题型:填空题

题目:


Throughout history has (1) changed his physical environment in order to improve his (2) of life. With the tools of technology he has (3) many physical features of the earth. He has (4) woodlands and prairies into farms and made lakes and reservoirs (5) of rivers for irrigation purposes or hydroelectric (6) . Man has also modified the face of the earth by (7) marshes and cutting through mountains to (8) roads and railways.
However, man’s (9) to the physical environment have not always had beneficial results. Today, (10) of the air and water is an increasing danger to the health of the (11) . Each day thousands of tons of gases come out of the exhausts of motor vehicles. (12) from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas and the surrounding (13) of the countryside. The pollution of water is equally harmful. The whole ecological (14) of the sea is being changed and (15) wastes have already made many rivers lifeless.
Now (16) protection is more pressing than ever before. As we know, massive destruction of the environment has brought about (17) effects and even poses a great (18) to man’s existence. Indifference to these problems will mean committing suicide. Therefore, effective (19) should be taken and laws passed to (20) the environment. Otherwise, man is certain to suffer from the serious consequences caused by this lack of care for his living surroundings.

答案:

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题型:综合题

阅读下列材料

材料一:“马歇尔计划”是杜鲁门主义的一大支柱,它试图通过经济手段达到控制欧洲的目的。该计划实施后,欧洲经济很快得到恢复,西欧各国被纳入美国争霸世界的战略轨道,西欧一体化的进程加快,但是西欧获得发展后,对美国的离心倾向反而增强。

——余伟民、郑寅达著《世界通史——现代文明的发展与选择》

材料二:在马歇尔主张提供援助后的第二年(1948年)春天,欧洲复兴计划即通常所称的马歇尔计划业已制定。到1951年12月31日这一计划终止时,美国为支持马歇尔计划的实施总共支付了125亿美元。美国和欧洲的人力物力一起,使欧洲能迅速复原,使欧洲的生产水平和生活水平超过了战前的水平。但是,从东、西方间的关系这一角度看,马歇尔计划是走向冷战的最后一步。援助是不分意识形态,向所有国家提供的。而然,莫斯科却把这种提供说成是反 * * 党的策略,命令曾有意接受援助的捷克人和波兰人予以拒绝。

——[美]斯塔夫里阿诺夫《全球通史》

材料三:1948年,美国通过了《对外援助法案》,马歇尔计划正式启动,4年内美国对欧拨款达131.5亿美元,88%为赠款。马歇尔计划既帮助欧洲国家恢复了经济,也推动西欧各国走上一体化的道路,加强了西方国家之间的联合。

——刘宗绪主编《历史学科专题讲座》

材料四:从1948年4月开始实施的马歇尔计划把苏联与东欧排除在外,通过援助西欧恢复经济,增强西欧遏制苏联的力量,同时加强美国对西欧的控制.

——岳麓书社出版《历史·必修一》

请回答:(1)上述四则材料中,有的观点可以互相印证,有些观点却互相矛盾。请你就这两方面的情况,从材料中举例说明。(4分)

(2)据以上材料,结合你自己的看法,综述马歇尔计划的作用。(6分)

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