通过测量一系列的______值，TCP协议可以估算数据包重发前需要等待的时间。

To Err Is Human by Lewis ThomasEveryone must have had at least one personal experience with a computer error by this time. Bank balances are suddenly reported to have jumped from $379 into the millions, appeals for charitable contributions are mailed over and over to people with crazy sounding names at your address, department stores send the wrong bills, utility companies write that they’’re turning everything off, that sort of thing. If you manage to get in touch with someone and complain, you then get instantaneously typed, guilty letters from the same computer, saying, "Our computer was in error, and an adjustment is being made in your account."These are supposed to be the sheerest, blindest accidents. Mistakes are not believed to be the normal behavior of a good machine. If things go wrong, it must be a personal, human error, the result of fingering, tampering a button getting stuck, someone hitting the wrong key. The computer, at its normal best, is infallible.I wonder whether this can be true. After all, the whole point of computers is that they represent an extension of the human brain, vastly improved upon but nonetheless human, superhuman maybe. A good computer can think clearly and quickly enough to beat you at chess, and some of them have even been programmed to write obscure verse. They can do anything we can do, and more besides.It is not yet known whether a computer has its own consciousness, and it would be hard to find out about this. When you walk into one of those great halls now built for the huge machines, and standing listening, it is easy to imagine that the faint, distant noises are the sound of thinking, and the turning of the spools gives them the look of wild creatures rolling their eyes in the effort to concentrate, choking with information. But real thinking, and dreaming, are other matters. On the other hand, the evidence of something like an unconscious, equivalent to ours, are all around, in every mail. As extensions of the human brain, they have been constructed the same property of error, spontaneous, uncontrolled, and rich in possibilities.

The rhetoric the author employed in writing the third paragraph, especially the sentence "A good computer can think clearly and quickly enough to beat you at chess..." is usually referred to in writing as

A．climax.

B．personification.

C．hyperbole.

D．onomatopoeia.

暑假小明爸爸带他参观了北京世界灭绝动物公墓，在那里小明看到了一份触目惊心的灭绝动物名单：渡渡鸟，1680年灭绝；斑驴，1893年灭绝；……高加索野牛，1925年灭绝，……中国镰翘鸟，2000年灭绝；……它们象多米诺骨牌一样，一个倒向一个，令人震惊的是石碑的最后赫然写着“人类”两个字。小明陷入了深深的思考……。下面是小明思考的几个问题，请你和他一起回答：

（1）建造世界灭绝动物公墓的主要目的是什么？

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（2）想象一下，假如没有了生命，世界将会怎样？

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（3）你觉得人类应该怎样与其他生命相处？

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（4）你能为“关爱生命、保护环境”做哪些力所能及的事？（至少所出两件事）

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开展金属件技术监督，加强铁塔构件、金具、导地线腐蚀状况的观测，必要时进行更换；对于运行年限较长、出现腐蚀严重、有效截面损失较多、强度下降严重的，应及时进行防腐处理。（）

预应力锚索支护在施加预应张拉力前，药卷锚固需养护（）以上。

A.0.5小时

B.1小时

C.1.5小时

（）是分科举拔人才的制度。