试题与答案

Work is a very important part of life in t

题型:单项选择题

题目:

Work is a very important part of life in the United States. When the early Protestant immigrants came to this country, they brought the idea that work was the way to God and heaven. This attitude, the Protestant Work Ethic, still influences America today. Work is not only important for economic benefits, the salary, but also for social and psychological needs, the feeling of doing something for the good of the society. Americans spend most of their lives working, being productive. For most Americans, their work defines them: they are what they do. What happens then, when a person can no longer work Almost all Americans stop working at the age of sixty-five or seventy and retire. Because work is such an important part of life in this culture, retirement can be very difficult. Retirees often feel that they are useless and unproductive. Of course, some people are happy to retire; but leaving one’s job, whatever it is, is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring. Many retirees do not know how to use their time or they feel lost without their jobs. Retirements can also bring financial problems. Many people rely on Social Security checks every month. During their working years, employees contribute a certain percentage of their salaries to the government. Each employer also gives a certain percentage to the government. When people retire, they receive this money as income. These checks do not provide enough money to live on, however, because prices are increasing very rapidly. Senior citizens, those over sixty-five, have to have savings in the bank or other retirement plans to make ends meet. The rate of inflation is forcing prices higher each year; Social Security checks alone cannot cover these growing expenses. The government offers some assistance, Medicare(health care)and welfare (general assistance), but many senior citizens have to change their life styles after retirement. They have to spend carefully to be sure that they can afford to buy food, fuel and other necessities.
Of course, many senior citizens are happy with retirement. They have time to spend with their families or enjoy their hobbies. Some continue to work part time, others do volunteer work. Some, like those in the Retired Business Executives Association, even help young people to get started in new business. Many retired citizens also belong to "Golden Age" groups. These organizations plan trips and social events. There are many chances for retirees.
American society is only beginning to be concerned about the special physical and emotional needs of its senior citizens. The government is taking steps to ease the problem of limited income. They are building new housing, offering discounts in stores and museums and on buses, and providing other services such as free courses, food service, and help with housework. Retired citizens are a rapidly growing percentage of the population. This part of the population is very important and we must meet their needs. After all, every citizen will be a senior citizen some day.

The author mentions ______ examples of the government’ steps to ease the problem of limited income.

A. two



B. four
C. five



D. three

答案:

参考答案:D

解析: 细节题。根据最后一段The government is taking steps to ease the problem of limited income. They are building new housing, offering discounts in stores and museums and on buses, and providing other services such as free courses, food service, and help with housework可知作者列举了3个例子。故选D。

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题型:阅读理解与欣赏

有人说,十七世纪的北京,既是康熙大帝的,又是纳兰性德的。一个乃一代英主,雄韬伟略,皓如皎月;一个是御前侍卫,却诗才俊逸,灿若朗星。  

纳兰性德,字容若,号楞伽山人,其显赫家世足以令世人瞠目。他的父亲,就是权倾朝野的武英殿大学士明珠。纳兰性德本人也是少年英才,十八岁中举人,二十二岁时参加进士考试,中二甲第一名,康熙当即龙颜大悦,钦点其为御前侍卫,很快就由三等晋升为一等,可算是少年得志,前途无量了。

  世人皆知纳兰为清代的大词人,且清词以他为最,似乎无人能出其右。但这位豪门公子不但能文,而且还是个武将。既然是御前侍卫,武功定是十分了得。纳兰性德从小练就了一身搏击之术,并精于骑射。康熙皇帝自己就是一个勇武、强悍的骑手加射手,所以,他身边的侍卫也应该是一流的角色。这样看来,纳兰性德倒是个文武全才。当然,纳兰骨子里还是个文人。

他身上有众多的矛盾之处:生为满人,他却痴迷于汉文化;骨子里是个文人,从事的却是武将这个行当;身为宰相公子、皇帝身边的一等侍卫,置身于姹紫嫣红、朱门广厦之中,心却游离于繁华喧闹之外,“视勋名如糟粕、势利如尘埃”;他是地道的满族八旗子弟,结交的却都是一些年长的汉族落拓文人,“以风雅为性命、朋友为肺腑”;他人在仕途,却一生为情所累……这样一位才情充沛、人格健全、绝世超然的“翩翩浊世公子”,竟不是缘自小说家的杜撰,竟是中国文化史册里的一位真实人物。

纳兰性德留下的是两本词集:《侧帽集》和《饮水词》,他二十多岁时就已经名满天下了,靠的不是皇帝的威风,而是他的词。后人从中精挑细选了三百四十二首,另外结集,以《纳兰词》命名。

说纳兰性德是个文人,此话一点不假。由于家庭出身的原因,他没有李白那种“天子呼来不上船,自称臣是酒中仙”的豪迈气概,也不可能拒绝“皇恩浩荡”,他还是捧着文房四宝上了天子的船。一边为皇帝保驾,一边做着职业以外的工作:吟诗填词。而他的不务正业照样赢得了皇帝的宠信。康熙爱读性德的诗词,经常赏赐给他金牌、佩刀、字帖等礼物,以资鼓励。

由于长年待在皇帝身边,纳兰性德应该算是真正的“御用文人”,但是,后人却并未将他归入“犬儒派”或御用文人的行列。这可能是因为他的大多数作品都是写给自己的,情真意切,言辞优美。

纳兰性德是个真性情的人,他对“侍卫”这个职位其实并没有什么兴趣。他得到过皇帝无数次的赏赐,但在他的内心深处,一直苦于仕宦漂泊,厌恶金阶伫立的侍卫生涯。率真的诗性遭遇混浊的政治,自然是徒增“胸中块垒”。

纳兰性德能入康熙法眼,外表应该也是个很重要的因素。他的人同他的词一样“纯任灵性,纤尘不染”,当得起“玉树临风”一词。曹雪芹的祖父曹寅同是康熙皇帝的侍卫,和纳兰性德是同事关系。曹寅在一首诗中这样写道:“忆昔宿卫明光宫,楞伽山人貌姣好。”楞伽山人就是纳兰性德的号。

  曾经有人说,纳兰性德就是《红楼梦》中贾宝玉的原型。曹雪芹写《红楼梦》,稿未完而人先亡。和珅将文稿呈献给乾隆皇帝,乾隆阅后说了一句:“此盖为明珠家事作也。”虽然此说有捕风捉影之嫌,但纳兰性德与贾宝玉确有许多相似之处,而曹雪芹的《红楼梦》也确实受到了纳兰性德的词的影响。  

  康熙二十四年,纳兰性德在跟随皇帝南巡后回到北京,不料想突染重疾,至此一病不起。1685年5月,年仅三十一岁的纳兰性德溘然长逝。在他身后留下的仅有三百四十二首《纳兰词》。  

纳兰性德依然是那个性灵高洁的词人,他并没有受到污浊时世的浸染,生前没有,身后也没有。那一本《纳兰词》读来还是令人唇齿留香,三百年都不曾消退,因为他“不是人间富贵花”,当围绕在他身旁的繁华如云烟般散尽之后,诗人如愿以偿地回归到了诗人本身——也许,这才是世上最幸运的事情。 

小题1:下列对传记有关内容的分析和概括,最恰当的两项是(5分)

A.纳兰性德文武全才:在清代词人中,无人能出其右;他善于搏击,精于骑射,被康熙钦点为御前侍卫。

B.纳兰性德由于家庭出身的原因,步入仕途,一边为皇帝保驾,一边吟诗填词,正是凭借着他不务正业的超逸脱俗的禀赋,赢得了皇帝的宠信。

C.纳兰性德虽侍从帝王,但作为诗文艺术的奇才,他在内心深处厌倦官场的庸俗和侍从的生活,无心功名利禄。

D.纳兰性德应该是一个真正的“御用文人”,因为他长年待在皇帝身边,康熙也经常由于读到纳兰的诗词,赏赐给他金牌、佩刀、字帖等礼物,以资鼓励。E.纳兰性德与《红楼梦》中的贾宝玉一样,有着不同于一般满清贵族纨绔子弟的远大理想和高尚人格,这就显然使得他的举动别离了社会主流,从而成为后世的一个研究焦点。

小题2:作者说,“武功定是十分了得”的御前侍卫——“纳兰骨子里是个文人”的根据是什么?(6分)

小题3:纳兰性德能得到康熙恩宠的原因是什么?(6分)

小题4:如果给这篇传记加一个题目,你认为应该是什么?请结合文本说明理由。(8分)

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题型:不定项选择

王某杀人一案由第一审人民法院开庭审理。起诉机关指控王某故意杀害被害人马某(未遂),已构成犯罪,请求审判机关予以严惩。陈某为王某的辩护人,杨某为马某的诉讼代理人。本案由审判员三人组成合议庭审理。在法庭审理开始的时候,有权对审判长提出回避申请的人员有:

如果无人对判决刑事部分上诉,人民检察院也没有抗诉,只有丙对附带民事部分上诉,则一审判决的生效时间为:

A.刑事部分和附带民事部分的判决,在二审法院作出终审裁判后生效

B.刑事部分判决,在上诉期满即生效

C.刑事部分判决生效时间,由二审法院确定

D.一审刑事部分的判决,在上诉期满后即生效,但应当送监执行的第一审刑事被告人是二审附带民事诉讼被告的,暂缓执行

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