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在美国的许多城市,人们希望能呼吸到最清洁的空气,这种追求几乎达到了宗教般的狂热。为此

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题目:

在美国的许多城市,人们希望能呼吸到最清洁的空气,这种追求几乎达到了宗教般的狂热。为此,一些减少空气污染的新技术应运而生,可是谁也不曾想到,人们却为此不断付出巨大的代价。
1990年,美国的《洁净空气法规》强制空气质量差的地区在汽油中添加充氧剂等化学制品,从而减少一氧化碳和苯等有害气体的排放量。但是,现在发现,大多数常用的充氧剂如甲基叔丁基乙醚已从地下贮油箱中渗入地下水,并已污染了地下饮水源,使这一地区可能在几年内成为美国最严重的地下水污染区。科学家认为,水中即使有十亿分之几十的甲基叔丁基乙醚,也会对人的健康有严重影响,甚至可能会致癌。一些曾坚决反对运用这项技术的团体还认为,加油站的空气中这种充氧气体含量过高,会使人呼吸困难、头痛或眩晕,不仅加油站的人,就连路上的行人也会受到影响。
麻烦的事远不止这些。科学家们证实,这种化学物质具有很强的水溶性,对土壤几乎没有亲和力,同时它又是很难分解的寿命很长的物质。虽说甲基叔丁基乙醚见光可分解,但阳光很难进入土壤和地下水中,人们就很难将它“请”出来,而它渗入到更深水层的可能性则是不可避免的了。美国政府有关部门也采取了一些措施,如关闭受污染的水井,断绝受污染的水源,设法从受污染区外部调水,当然,解决这些问题所需要的资金数量是巨大的。还有一个办法是通过改进贮油箱来减少含有有害物质的汽油的泄漏,但这仍不能解决已经发生的水源污染问题。
目前,美国的科学家们正在制定一个从水源中清除这种有害物质的计划,他们试图把从土壤中分离出来的被称做PMI的细菌注入受污染的地下水中,据说,PMI可以在较短的时间内吸收大剂量的甲基叔丁基乙醚。科学家们同时坦率地说,这项在受污染的土壤和水的试样已经获得成功的试验,却在清洁地下水的具体应用中,还没有让人信服的实例。看来,这种“按下葫芦起来瓢”的情况,在环境保护问题上是值得注意的。

政府有关部门为解决水源污染问题尚未采取的措施有______。

A.关闭受污染的水井
B.改造贮油箱来减少含有有害物质的汽油的泄漏
C.把受污染的水调入外部
D.断绝受污染的水源

答案:

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