(4) 曹某的行为是否合法并说明理由。

（1～4题共用题干）患者，男性，68岁，既往有高血压病史30余年，现血压控制良好，拟蛛网膜下隙麻醉下行经 * * 前列腺切除术

术中病人出现心动过缓、低血压、癫痫样发作的可能原因为 （）

A．麻醉药过量

B．低钠血症

C．迷走神经张力过高

D．有效循环血量减少

E．全脊麻

病历摘要：女性，63岁，双眼视力下降六个月，并伴有黑影漂动，不伴有明显眼红、肿及头痛症状，家族中无类似病史，但患者有糖尿病史十二年，自行服用降糖药物，血糖控制不稳定。眼部检查：视力：右眼：0.04，左眼：0.3，右眼晶体轻度混浊，玻璃体明显混浊，眼底较为模糊，左眼晶体亦为轻度混浊，玻璃体未见明显混浊，眼底可见片状出血与大片状参出物。

本病的暗适应与电生理检查，下列哪此不妥？（）

A.半数左右病人有暗适应功能异常

B.表现为杆阈、锥阈升高、A-结点后延

C.ERG检查为a波或b波振幅降低

D.大部分病人暗适应正常

E.ERG对本病诊断无作用

F.电生理只有本病到期晚期才有诊断作用

G.图形ERG比常规ERG更为敏感

H.图形VEP对本病诊断没有帮助

形成云的最主要的冷却过程为（）。

A．绝热冷却

B．辐射冷却

C．平流冷却

D．乱流冷却

In the following passage, there are 25 blanks representing words that are missing from the context. You are to put back in each of the blanks with the missing word. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. The time for this section is 25 minutes.
Compared with the immediate practical responsibility of the scientist, the (1) of the artist must seem puny. The decision which faces (2) is not one of practical action: of course he will try to throw this (3) into the scale, and that weight, if he is a writer or (4) a painter of genius, may have its effect. For the novelist—in our society the only artist who has a mass audience and at the same time effective economic control of the means of addressing (5) —the hope of some decisive influence is a reasonable (6) . For him, since he takes of all artists (7) is probably the largest portion of his culture as material, there is no (8) escape from the necessity for treating the content of his work seriously than (9) is for the social psychologist he is coming so closely to resemble. The dichotomy which people have tried to establish between artistic proficiency and (10) content is becoming unbearable to almost all sensitive minds. I doubt if it has ever been real— we might have admired Shelley as (11) if he had been indifferent to such things as war and tyranny, though I doubt it; certainly (12) he been indifferent we should never have been led by (13) .
There is no Hippocratic oath in literature, and I am not attempting to draw (14) up. As far as I am concerned, the artist is a human being writ large and his (15) are the ethics of any human being. Perhaps I can best illustrate (16) seems to me the new (17) of those duties of assertion and refusal from one writer, and I do not (18) it is without significance that this (19) projects the whole situation of choice into a scientific parable, the (20) of a pestilence: a (21) many human (22) are called to fight against, called not by any supernatural (23) but by the simple fact that the fight against a plague is (24) like a biological human (25) .

明清很多小说注重描写商人的活动，揭露官场腐败和社会黑暗，并初步表现出抨击封建制度、挣脱封建礼教束缚、追求个人自由和现世幸福、逐利生财等新思想。导致这些新思想产生的社会背景不包括（）

A.重商思想抬头和商品经济繁荣

B.工商城镇蓬勃发展

C.统一的多民族国家巩固

D.封建制度的腐朽