元量规

新人文主义关注人和文化的协调发展，强调从人的生存、发展、自由和解放的高度来理把握“人文”概念．“人文”之“人"，应是唯物史观意义上的“现实的人”；“文”，应“现实的人”的文化与精神生活．狭隘的人文主义者，则将“人文"仅仅局限在文化生活精神生活的范围内，离开“现实的人’’抽象地谈论人的精神生活(当然，只关注人的物质生活而忽视精神生活，则是对“人文”的另一种扭曲)．在对待“科学”的观念上，新人文主义与狭隘的人文主义有着本质区别．狭隘的人文主义，把科学及其价值归结为“实证主义”或“功利主义”，因此将其置于人文主义的对立面予以批判，于是进一步加剧了科学世界与人文世界、科学精神与人文精神的分离和对立．事实上，科学的诸多价值在本质上都是人文的．科学的技术价值和经济价值是使科学具有极为深刻的人文意义的基础，不能将其归结为狭隘的“实证主义”或“功利主义”；事实证明，它对于人和文化的协调发展，特别是对于人的生存、发展、自由和解放具有根本性的积极意义．正如马克思所说的，科学不仅是“一种在历史上起推动作用的、革命的力量”，而且是“历史的有力的杠杆”，是“最高意义上的革命力量”．这里已经包含了对科学技术的人文意义和人文价值的深刻的理解．在新的人文观念的视野中，科学不仅具有重要的技术价值、经济价值，而且具有重要的文化价值、精神价值．前者的重大作用显而易见．后者的作用也被无数事实所证明：它在精神生活的层面上关注和推动了人和文化的发展，从而给人的生存、发展、自由和解放注入更加完整更加深刻的意义． 遗憾的是，有许多人文主义者在科学之于人的精神生活的意义和价值问题上持否定的态度．他们认为，只有诸如文学艺术等所谓“人文文化”才具有精神生活的意义和净化社会环境的价值，而科学的精神实质是“实证主义”和“功利主义"．剖析实质，他们恰恰是在用狭隘的实证主义和功利主义的眼光来审视科学，自然会无视科学的文化价值和精神价值了；他们对于人的精神生活的理解也是十分狭隘的，只将其局限在人的非理性活动层面上．显然．狭隘人文主义的种种观点，障蔽了审视现代“科学文化’’的视野．一旦超越上述狭隘视野，我们便会清楚地发现“科学文化”与所谓“人文文化”一样，对于人的精神生活也具有十分重要的、不可替代的意义和价值，从而更进一步领悟科学文化的丰富的人文内涵，即认识价值、思想价值、智力价值和狭隘人文主义所否认的审美价值与道德价值等．科学同艺术一样，都是人类最富有创造性的活动．艺术在不断追求美和发现美，而科学在不断追求和发现真理的过程中也留下了光彩熠熠的轨迹，它们都抚慰着、震撼着、净化着人的心灵．因此，可以这样结论：科学同艺术一样具有不可否认的、重要的人文意义和人文价值．显然，树立新人文主义观念，不仅有助于科学与“人文"的融合、促进和共同发展，而且有助于二者更充分地实现各自的价值．

解说第二段中“前者的重大作用”，不正确的一项是_________．

A．科学的技术价值与经济价值，对现代社会生产力的发展有巨大的推动作用

B．科学的技术价值与经济价值，引发了人类生产方式、生活方式的深刻变革

C．科学的技术价值与经济价值，在精神生活的层面上推动了人和文化的发展

D．科学的技术价值与经济价值，是使科学具有极为深刻的人文意义的基础

名著阅读（4分）

阅读选文内容，回答问题。

（宋江）正行到一座酒楼前过，仰面看时，旁边竖着一根望竿，悬挂着一个青布酒旆子，上写道：“浔阳江正库。”雕檐外一面牌额，上有苏东坡大书“浔阳楼”三字。……宋江便上楼来，去靠江占一座阁子里坐了,凭阑举目看时，端的好座酒楼。

……独自一个，一杯两盏，倚栏畅饮，不觉沉醉，猛然蓦上心来，思想道：“我生在山东，长在郓城，学吏出身，结识了多少江湖好汉，虽留得一个虚名，目今三旬之上，名又不成，功又不就，倒被文了双颊，配来在这里。我家乡中老父和兄弟，如何得相见!”不觉酒涌上来，潸然泪下，临风触目，感恨伤怀。忽然做了一首《西江月》词，便唤酒保索借笔砚来。起身观玩，见白粉壁上多有先人题咏，宋江寻思道：“何不就书于此?倘若他日身荣，再来经过，重睹一番，以记岁月，想今日之苦。”乘着酒兴，磨得墨浓，蘸得笔饱，去那白粉壁上挥毫便写道：“自幼曾攻经史，长成亦有权谋。恰如猛虎卧荒丘，潜伏爪牙忍受。不幸刺文双颊，那堪配在江州。他年若得报冤仇，血染浔阳江口”。宋江写罢，自看了大喜大笑，一面又饮了数杯酒，不觉欢喜，自狂荡起来，手舞足蹈，又拿起笔来，去那《西江月》后再写下四句诗，道是：“心在山东身在吴，飘蓬江海漫嗟吁。他时若遂凌云志，敢笑黄巢不丈夫”。宋江写罢诗，又去后面大书五字道：“郓城宋江作。”写罢，掷笔在桌上，又自歌了一回，再饮过数杯酒。

小题1:选文中划线句透露了宋江哪些方面的信息？请简要概括。（2分）

小题2:文中宋江的二首诗词是他的遭际、思想的反映，请根据你的理解回答下面问题。（2分）

（1）“不幸刺文双颊，那堪配在江州。”宋江是因为什么事才被刺字发配到江州的？

（2）“他时若遂凌云志，敢笑黄巢不丈夫!”，这句诗的言外之意是什么？

“Mum, what does it mean when someone tells you that they have a skeleton (骨骼) in the closet (衣橱)?” Jessica asked. “A skeleton in the closet?” her mother paused thoughtfully. “Well, it's something that you would rather not have anyone else know about. For example, if in the past, someone in Dad's family had been arrested for stealing a horse, it would be 'a skeleton in his family's closet'. He really wouldn't want any neighbor to know about it.”

“Why pick on my family?” Jessica's father said with anger. “Your family history isn't so good, you know. Wasn't your great-great-grandfather a prisoner who was transported to Australia for his crimes?”“Yes, but people these days say that you are not a real Australian unless your ancestors arrived as prisoners.”“Gosh, sorry I asked. I think I understand now,” Jessica cut in before things grew worse.

After dinner, the house was very quiet. Jessica's parents were still quite angry with each other. Her mother was ironing clothes and every now and then she glared at her husband, who hid behind his newspaper pretending to read. When she finished, she gathered the freshly pressed clothes in her arms and walked to Jessica's closet. Just as she opened the door and reached in to hang a skirt, a bony arm stuck out from the dark depths and a bundle of white bones fell to the floor. Jessica's mother sank in a faint (晕倒), waking only when Jessica put a cold, wet cloth on her forehead. She looked up to see the worried faces of her husband and daughter.

“What happened? Where am I?” she asked. “You just destroyed the school's skeleton, Mum,” explained Jessica. “I brought it home to help me with my health project. I meant to tell you, but it seemed that as soon as I mentioned skeletons and closets, it caused a problem between you and Dad.” Jessica looked in amazement as her parents began to laugh madly. “They're both crazy,” she thought.

小题1:According to Jessica's mother, “a skeleton in the close” means ________.

A．a family honor

B．a family secret

C．a family story

D．a family treasure小题2:What can we learn about some Australians' ancestors from Paragraph 2?

A．They were brought to Australia as prisoners.

B．They were the earliest people living in Australia.

C．They were involved in some crimes in Australia.

D．They were not regarded as criminals in their days.小题3:Why did Jessica bring a skeleton home?

A．She was curious about it.

B．She planned to keep it for fun.

C．She needed it for her school task.

D．She intended to scare her parents.小题4: Jessica's parents laughed madly at the end of the story probably because ________.

A．they were crazy.

B．they were over excited.

C．they realized their misunderstanding.

D．they both thought they had won the quarrel.

胡 * * 同志在“七一”讲话中指出：十六大提出的一个战略举措是（）。

A．兴起全面建设小康社会新高潮

B．兴起学习贯彻“三个代表”重要思想新高潮

C．兴起学习贯彻“依法治国”方略新高潮

D．兴起全面推动改革开放和现代化建设新高潮

低压开关柜的柜型包括：（）、母联柜及无功补偿柜。

A.进线柜

B.出线柜

C.计量柜

D.PT柜