The inhalation (吸入) of asbestos particles is associated with a number of lung diseases, such as asbestosis and ___50___ cancer.
Asbestosis is caused by the entry of asbestos particles into the wall of the alveoli, causing scarring which limits the functioning of the lungs. The lung ___51___ its elasticity and may change shape. The initial symptoms of asbestosis are a tightness in the chest and breathlessness. In its ___52___ stages, sufferers develop the barrel-shaped chests associated with emphysema, cyanosis, (where the skin takes a bluish ___53___ ) and club fingers.
Lung cancer, the generic ___54___ for malignant tumors(肿瘤)of the alveoli and bronchial tubes, has been shown to be directly ___55___ to the inhalation of asbestos particles. As in the case of asbestosis, there is generally a period of inactiveness which may ___56___ from 25 to 30 years after initial exposure, despite the ___57___of further exposure. Research suggests that there is a direct correlation between the degree of exposure to asbestos ___58___the incidence of lung cancer. Where exposure occurs, the level of risk is further ___59___ by cigarette smoking. Asbestos workers who smoke cigarettes have a 90% greater risk of catching lung cancer than workers who do not ___60___.
Exposure to blue asbestos has been shown to producemesothelioma, a rare cancer of the outer lining of the lung or pleura. In a normal population the incidence of mesothelioma is extremely ___61___. Where epidemiological surveys have revealed a higher incidence of the disease, it is almost always related to ___62___ exposure.
___63___ changes in lung tissue caused by exposure to asbestos are pleural plaques and effusions. The former refer to a thickening of the lining of the chest wall, ___64___ the latter consists of a collection of fluid in the chest region outside the lungs. Pleural plaques commonly remain undiagnosed and generally have no detrimental effect on health.
小题1: | A.skin | B.blood | C.liver | D.lung |
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小题2: | A.loses | B.gains | C.improves | D.tightens |
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小题3: | A.early | B.formal | C.later | D.final |
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小题4: | A.size | B.color | C.sound | D.smell |
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小题5: | A.noun | B.term | C.way | D.approach |
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小题6: | A.related | B.revealed | C.compared | D.exposed |
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小题7: | A.disappear | B.spread | C.live | D.extend |
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小题8: | A.presence | B.activeness | C.absence | D.intensity |
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小题9: | A.and | B.alongside | C.as well as | D.plus |
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小题10: | A.decreased | B.lost | C.doubled | D.increased |
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小题11: | A.diet | B.drink | C.smoke | D.fare |
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小题12: | A.high | B.low | C.common | D.frequent |
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小题13: | A.lead | B.asbestos | C.carbon | D.hydrogen |
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小题14: | A.Three | B.Some | C.No | D.Other |
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小题15: | A.in case | B.now that | C.whereas | D.unless |
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