Anthony: It has been established that over 80 percent of those who use heroin have a history of having used marijuana. Such evidence would seem to prove that smoking marijuana definitely leads to heroin use.
Judith: Maybe smoking marijuana does lead to heroin use, but it is absurd to think that citing those statistics proves that it does. After all, 100 percent of the people who take up heroin had a previous history of drinking water. Judith’s reply to Anthony’s argument relies on which one of the following argumentative strategies
A．Offering evidence suggesting that the statistics Anthony cites in support of his conclusion are inaccurate.
B．Undermining the credibility of his conclusion by showing that it is a statement from which absurd consequences can be derived.
C．Providing an example to show that not everything that promotes heroin use is unsafe.
D．Demonstrating that Anthony’s line of reasoning is flawed by showing that such reasoning can lead to clearly false conclusions.
E．(E) Calling into question the possibility of ever establishing causal connections solely on the basis of statistical evidence.
