阴偏衰多见于() A.心 B.脾 C.肾 D.心 E.肝

恶性骨肿瘤ⅠA期治疗要求广泛手术：截肢。()

当各种治疗方案对病人的病死率不产生明显的影响，而对病人的生理功能、疼痛程度等产生较为明显的不同作用结果时，较为适宜的效果评价指标是

A．健康效果

B．生存质量

C．临床效果指标

D．HLUY

E．QALY

下列关于新航路开辟路线的说法不正确的是（ ）

A．麦哲伦完成了人类历史上第一次环球航行

B．首先到达印度的航海家是迪亚士

C．首先发现美洲大陆的是哥伦布

D．到达印度西海岸的航海家是达伽马

Passage Three

The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful actions committed against themselves or others has been the focus of recent research into the moral development of children. Until recently, child psychologists supported pioneer developmentalist Jean Piaget in his hypothesis that because of their immaturity, children under age seven do not take into account the intentions of a person committing accidental or deliberate harm, but rather simply assign punishment for transgressions on the basis of the magnitude of the negative consequences causeD. According to Piaget, children under age seven occupy the first stage of moral development, which is characterized by moral absolutism (rules made by authorities must be obeyed) and imminent justice (if rules are broken, punishment will be meted out). Until young children mature, their moral judgments are based entirely on the effect rather than the cause of a transgression. However, in recent research, Keasey found that six-year-old children not only distinguish between accidental and intentional harm, but also judge intentional harm as naughtier, regardless of the amount of damage produced. Both of these findings seem to indicate that children, at an earlier age than Piaget claimed, advance into the second stage of moral development, moral autonomy, in which they accept social rules but view them as more arbitrary than do children in the first stage.

Keasey’s research raises two key questions for developmental psychologists about children under age seven: do they recognize justifications for harmful actions, and do they make distinctions between harmfulacts that are preventable and those acts that have unforeseen harmful consequences Studies indicate that justifications excusing harmful actions might include public duty, serf-defense, and provocation. For example, Nesdale and Rule concluded that children were capable of considering whether or not an aggressor’s action was justified by public duty: five year olds reacted very differently to "Bonnie wrecks Arm’s pretend house" depending on whether Bonnie did it "so somebody won’t fall over it" or because Bonnie wanted "to make Ann feel bad". Thus, a child of five begins to understand that certain harmful actions, though intentional, can be justified; the constraints of moral absolutism no longer solely guide their judgments.

Psychologists have determined that during kindergarten children learn to make subtle distinctions involving harm. Darley observed that among acts involving unintentional harm, six-year-old children just entering kindergarten could not differentiate between foreseeable, and thus preventable, harm and unforeseeable harm for which the perpetrator cannot be blamed. Seven months later, however, Darley found that these same children could make both distinctions, thus demonstrating that they had become morally autonomous.

Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole ？（）

A．An outline for future research

B．An expanded definition of commonly misunderstood terms

C．An analysis of a dispute between two theories

D．A discussion of research findings in an ongoing inquiry

审计人员运用分析性复核方法检查产品成本总体合理性时，应分析比较的主要内容有( )。

A．分析比较近期各年度和本年度各个季度制造费用总额及其构成，判断制造费用及其构成的总体合理性

B．分析比较近期各年度和本年度各个季度直接材料费，判断直接材料费的总体合理性

C．分析比较各月材料和产品成本差异率，判断是否存在人为调节生产成本和存货余额的可能

D．分析比较近期各年度和本年度各个月份产品生产成本总额及单位生产成本，以判断本期生产成本的总体合理性